Leading scholars from both sides of the Atlantic explore translations as a key agent of change in the wider religious, cultural and literary developments of the early modern period, and restore translation to the centre of our understanding of the literature and history of Tudor England.
Lauded after his death as ‘champion of the English Commonwealth’, but also derided as a ‘most servile wit, and mercenary pen’, the poet, dramatist and historian Thomas May (c.1595–1650) produced the first full translation into English of Lucan’s Bellum Ciuile shortly before a ruinous civil war engulfed his own country. Lucan, whose epic had lamented the Roman Republic’s doomed struggle to preserve liberty and inevitable enslavement to the Caesars, and who was forced to commit suicide at the behest of the emperor Nero, was a figure of fascination in early modern Europe. May’s accomplished rendition of his challenging poem marked an important moment in the history of its English reception. This is a modernized edition of the first complete (1627) edition of the translation. It includes prefatory materials, dedications and May’s own historical notes on the text. Besides an introduction contextualising May’s life and work and the key features of his translation, it offers a full commentary to the text highlighting how May responded to contemporary editions and commentaries on Lucan, and explaining points of literary, political, philosophical interest. There is also a detailed glossary and bibliography, and a set of textual notes enumerating the chief differences between the 1627 edition and the others produced in May’s lifetime. This volume aims not just to provide an accessible path into the dense, sometimes provocative poem May shapes from Lucan, but also a broader appreciation of the translator’s literary merits and the role his work plays in the history of the English reception of Roman literature and culture.
This volume is the first attempt to establish a body of work representing English thinking about the practice of translation in the early modern period. The texts assembled cover the long sixteenth century from the age of Caxton to the reign of James 1 and are divided into three sections: 'Translating the Word of God', 'Literary Translation' and 'Translation in the Academy'. They are accompanied by a substantial introduction, explanatory and textual notes, and a glossary and bibliography. Neil Rhodes is Professor of English Literature and Cultural History at the University of St Andrews and Visiting Professor at the University of Granada. Gordon Kendal is an Honorary Research Fellow in the School of English, University of St Andrews. Louise Wilson is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in the School of English, University of St Andrews.
Filling a gap in the study of early modern literature, Massimiliano Morini here exhaustively examines the aims, strategies, practice and theoretical ideas of the sixteenth-century translator. Morini analyzes early modern English translations of works by French and Italian essayists and poets, including Montaigne, Castiglione, Ariosto and Tasso, and of works by classical writers such as Virgil and Petrarch. In the process, he demonstrates how connected translation is with other cultural and literary issues: women as writers, literary relations between Italy and England, the nature of the author, and changes in the English language. Since English Tudor writers, unlike their Italian contemporaries, did not write theoretical treatises, the author works empirically to extrapolate the theory that informs the practice of Tudor translation - he deduces several cogent theoretical principles from the metaphors and figures of speech used by translators to describe translation. Employing a good blend of theory and practice, the author presents the Tudor period as a crucial transitional moment in the history of translation, from the medieval tradition (which in secular literature often entailed radical departure from the original) to the more subtle modern tradition (which prizes the invisibility of the translator and fluency of the translated text). Morini points out that this is also a period during which ideas about language and about the position of England on the political and cultural map of Europe undergo dramatic change, and he convincingly argues that the practice of translation changes as new humanistic methods are adapted to the needs of a country that is expanding its empire.
Reversing F. O. Matthiessen's famous description of translation as “an Elizabethan art”, Elizabethan literature may well be considered “an art of translation”. Amidst a climate of intense intercultural and intertextual exchange, the cultural figure of translatio studii had become a formative concept in most European vernacular writing of the period. However, due to the comparatively marginal status of English in European literary culture, it was above all translation in the literal sense that became the dominant mode of applying this concept in late 16th-century England. Translations into English were not only produced on an unprecedented scale, they also became a key site for critical debate where contemporary discussions about authorship, style, and the development of a specifically English literary identity converged. The essays in this volume set out to explore Elizabethan translation as a literary practice and as a crucial influence on English literature. They analyse the competitive balancing of voices and authorities found in these texts and examine the ways in which both translated models and English literary culture were creatively transformed in the process of appropriation.
"... a nuanced, carefully argued work that reveals how women writers of the Renaissance, whether upper-class aristocrats close to court, daughters of successful merchants, Protestants, or Catholics, are inevitably affected by the gender biases that infuse all levels of Renaissance society and letters." -- Sixteenth Century Journal "... quite effective at developing a critical vocabulary for analyzing the formal traits of early modern women's writing." -- Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature From the perspectives of feminism, Marxism, sociology, and cultural semiotics, Louise Schleiner examines both familiar and obscure Tudor and Stuart women writers in a comprehensive study of those women who managed to go beyond translations or diaries and find a more individual voice in their public texts.
Margaret Tyler's Mirror of Princely Deeds and Knighthood is a groundbreaking work, being the first English romance penned by a woman and the first English romance to be translated directly from Spanish. As such it is not only a landmark in the history of Anglo-Spanish literary relations, but it is also a milestone in the evolution of the romance genre and in the development of women's writing in England. Yet notwithstanding its seminal status, this is the only critical edition of Tyler's romance. This modernized edition is preceded by an introduction which meticulously investigates Tyler's translation methodology, her biography, her proto-feminism, and her religious affiliations. In addition, it situates Mirror within the context of English romance production and reading, female authorship, and the Elizabethan and Jacobean translation of Spanish romance. This edition will be of interest to scholars of gender studies and of English and Spanish Renaissance literature.