Why is Youth Unemployment So High and Unequally Spread in South Africa?
Author: Cecil Mlatsheni
Publisher:
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 29
ISBN-13: 9780799221213
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Class, Race, and Inequality in South Africa
Author: Jeremy Seekings
Publisher: Yale University Press
Published: 2008-10-01
Total Pages: 458
ISBN-13: 0300128754
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe distribution of incomes in South Africa in 2004, ten years after the transition to democracy, was probably more unequal than it had been under apartheid. In this book, Jeremy Seekings and Nicoli Nattrass explain why this is so, offering a detailed and comprehensive analysis of inequality in South Africa from the midtwentieth century to the early twenty-first century. They show that the basis of inequality shifted in the last decades of the twentieth century from race to class. Formal deracialization of public policy did not reduce the actual disadvantages experienced by the poor nor the advantages of the rich. The fundamental continuity in patterns of advantage and disadvantage resulted from underlying continuities in public policy, or what Seekings and Nattrass call the “distributional regime.” The post-apartheid distributional regime continues to divide South Africans into insiders and outsiders. The insiders, now increasingly multiracial, enjoy good access to well-paid, skilled jobs; the outsiders lack skills and employment.
Protecting Youth at Work
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1998-12-18
Total Pages: 335
ISBN-13: 0309064139
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn Massachusetts, a 12-year-old girl delivering newspapers is killed when a car strikes her bicycle. In Los Angeles, a 14-year-old boy repeatedly falls asleep in class, exhausted from his evening job. Although children and adolescents may benefit from working, there may also be negative social effects and sometimes danger in their jobs. Protecting Youth at Work looks at what is known about work done by children and adolescents and the effects of that work on their physical and emotional health and social functioning. The committee recommends specific initiatives for legislators, regulators, researchers, and employers. This book provides historical perspective on working children and adolescents in America and explores the framework of child labor laws that govern that work. The committee presents a wide range of data and analysis on the scope of youth employment, factors that put children and adolescents at risk in the workplace, and the positive and negative effects of employment, including data on educational attainment and lifestyle choices. Protecting Youth at Work also includes discussions of special issues for minority and disadvantaged youth, young workers in agriculture, and children who work in family-owned businesses.
Minimum Wages
Author: David Neumark
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 389
ISBN-13: 0262141027
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA comprehensive review of evidence on the effect of minimum wages on employment, skills, wage and income distributions, and longer-term labor market outcomes concludes that the minimum wage is not a good policy tool.
What Does the Minimum Wage Do?
Author: Dale Belman
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
Published: 2014-07-07
Total Pages: 489
ISBN-13: 0880994568
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBelman and Wolfson perform a meta-analysis on scores of published studies on the effects of the minimum wage to determine its impacts on employment, wages, poverty, and more.
Myth and Measurement
Author: David Card
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2015-12-22
Total Pages: 455
ISBN-13: 1400880874
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFrom David Card, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, and Alan Krueger, a provocative challenge to conventional wisdom about the minimum wage David Card and Alan B. Krueger have already made national news with their pathbreaking research on the minimum wage. Here they present a powerful new challenge to the conventional view that higher minimum wages reduce jobs for low-wage workers. In a work that has important implications for public policy as well as for the direction of economic research, the authors put standard economic theory to the test, using data from a series of recent episodes, including the 1992 increase in New Jersey's minimum wage, the 1988 rise in California's minimum wage, and the 1990–91 increases in the federal minimum wage. In each case they present a battery of evidence showing that increases in the minimum wage lead to increases in pay, but no loss in jobs. A distinctive feature of Card and Krueger's research is the use of empirical methods borrowed from the natural sciences, including comparisons between the "treatment" and "control" groups formed when the minimum wage rises for some workers but not for others. In addition, the authors critically reexamine the previous literature on the minimum wage and find that it, too, lacks support for the claim that a higher minimum wage cuts jobs. Finally, the effects of the minimum wage on family earnings, poverty outcomes, and the stock market valuation of low-wage employers are documented. Overall, this book calls into question the standard model of the labor market that has dominated economists' thinking on the minimum wage. In addition, it will shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage in Washington and in state legislatures throughout the country. With a new preface discussing new data, Myth and Measurement continues to shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage.
The Budget and Economic Outlook
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 196
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNational Minimum Wage
Author: Great Britain. Low Pay Commission
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 380
ISBN-13: 9780101761123
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIt is the tenth anniversary of the introduction of the National Minimum Wage. The remit for this annual report (Cm. 7611, ISBN 9780101761123), is the monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the minimum wage and the effects on different groups of workers. Also under review is the current apprenticeship exemptions. The Low Pay Commission consults with employers, workers and their representatives, with written evidence taken from over 90 organisations and individuals. The report is divided into 8 chapters with appendices, and covers the following areas: Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Aggregate impact of the National Minimum Wage; Chapter 3: Low-paying sectors & small firms; Chapter 4: Particular groups of workers; Chapter 5: Young people; Chapter 6: Apprentices; Chapter 7: Compliance and enforcement; Chapter 8: Setting the rates. The Commission made the following recommendations, including: that the adult minimum wage rate should increase from £5.73 to £5.80 in October 2009; that youth development should increase from £4.77 to £4.83 and the rate for 16-17 year olds from £3.53 to £3.57 from October 2009. Also, that 21 year olds should be entitled to the adult rate of the National Minimum Wage and that a minimum wage for apprentices should be introduced under the National Minimum Wage.
Handy Reference Guide to the Fair Labor Standards Act (Federal Wage-hour Law) ...
Author: United States. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions
Publisher:
Published: 1963
Total Pages: 28
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNational minimum wage
Author: Low Pay Commission
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Published: 2010-03-25
Total Pages: 296
ISBN-13: 9780101782326
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Low Pay Commission was again asked to monitor and evaluate the impact of the minimum wage and to consider its effect on different groups of workers. Additionally the Commission considers the detailed arrangements for an apprentice minimum wage. Data limitations prevent assessment of the 2009 minimum wage upratings, but the report finds that the 2008 upratings continue to have a significant influence on wages at the bottom of the earnings distribution. The numbers paid at the adult minimum wage rose to nearly 750,000 (3.2 per cent of all adult jobs) in April 2009. This year it has been difficult to separate out any potential impact of the minimum wage from that of the recession more generally. The low-paying industries experienced a smaller proportional fall in jobs than across the economy as a whole, but small firms suffered more than larger organisations. All workers in low-paying sectors remain vulnerable. The Commission pays particular attention to young people, who have experienced greater hardship in the employment market. The Commission's recommendations for October 2010 are: adult minimum wage to increase from £5.80 to £5.93; youth development rate to increase from £4.83 to £4.92; 16-17 year old rate to increase from £3.57 to £3.64; apprentice rate for all employed apprentices currently exempt from the national minimum wage to be set at £2.50.
