The Effect of a Change in Legislation on the Wage Gap in Brazil
The Effect of a Change in Legislation on the Wage Gap in Brazil

Author: Jorge Arbache

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This article investigates gender wage discrimination based on a natural experiment, namely, the introduction of compulsory open exams applied in Brazil to public service job candidates as a way to prevent clientelism and nepotism. Our hypothesis is that if there is discrimination, so we should observe gender wage gap reduction after the introduction of the open exams. We find evidence in favor of this hypothesis, thus suggesting that there is discrimination against women.

Inequality in the Developing World
Inequality in the Developing World

Author: Carlos Gradín

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 373

ISBN-13: 0198863969

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Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.

Firms and the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil
Firms and the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil

Author: Jorge Alvarez

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2017-12-14

Total Pages: 59

ISBN-13: 1484333039

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We document a large decrease in earnings inequality in Brazil between 1996 and 2012. Using administrative linked employer-employee data, we fit high-dimensional worker and firm fixed effects models to understand the sources of this decrease. Firm effects account for 40 percent of the total decrease and worker effects for 29 percent. Changes in observable worker and firm characteristics contributed little to these trends. Instead, the decrease is primarily due to a compression of returns to these characteristics, particularly a declining firm productivity pay premium. Our results shed light on potential drivers of earnings inequality dynamics.

Advances in Women’s Empowerment
Advances in Women’s Empowerment

Author: Araceli Ortega Díaz

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2020-09-21

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 1839824727

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What progress has been made to achieve SDG5? Bridging the academic and policymaking spaces, this edited collection offers a critical insight and evaluation of the public policies targeted at improving the condition of women living in developing countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Global Wage Report 2018/19
Global Wage Report 2018/19

Author: International Labour Office

Publisher:

Published: 2018-11-26

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 9789220313466

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The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.

Gender Equality: Women's Rights in Review 2020
Gender Equality: Women's Rights in Review 2020

Author: United Nations Publications

Publisher:

Published: 2020-04-13

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13: 9789211270723

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2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action. It also marks the first time that progress on the implementation of the Platform is reviewed in light of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015. This report therefore takes an integrated approach to reporting on progress, gaps and challenges related to the advancement of gender equality and women's rights across six dimensions that link the Platform's critical areas of concern and the Sustainable Development Goals. It finds that there have been important gains since the adoption of the Beijing Platform in 1995, but that progress towards gender equality has stalled and even reversed in some areas in recent years. Across the globe women's movements, energized by young feminists at the helm, are challenging slow and piecemeal progress and are impatient for systemic change. World leaders can learn from the ways in which these movements work across silos and political boundaries, seeing their work to advance the rights of women and girls as inextricably linked to the achievement of economic, social and environmental justice for all. The report features their voices that must be heard and acted upon. The report also highlights catalytic policies and programmes under each of the six dimensions as well as a number of cross-cutting strategies that can accelerate the implementation of the entire Platform for Action for this generation and the next.

Women, Business and the Law 2020
Women, Business and the Law 2020

Author: World Bank Group

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2020-04-24

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 146481533X

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The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 190 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion.

Women, Business and the Law 2021
Women, Business and the Law 2021

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2021-04-05

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 1464816530

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Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.