Eve E. Buckley’s study of twentieth-century Brazil examines the nation’s hard social realities through the history of science, focusing on the use of technology and engineering as vexed instruments of reform and economic development. Nowhere was the tension between technocratic optimism and entrenched inequality more evident than in the drought-ridden Northeast sertão, plagued by chronic poverty, recurrent famine, and mass migrations. Buckley reveals how the physicians, engineers, agronomists, and mid-level technocrats working for federal agencies to combat drought were pressured by politicians to seek out a technological magic bullet that would both end poverty and obviate the need for land redistribution to redress long-standing injustices.
In this scholarly and original study of military thought during the nineteenth century Azar Gat continues and expands the themes he explored in his previous book, The Origins of Military Thought from the Enlightenment to Clausewitz (Oxford Historical Monographs, 1989). The present volume spans the period from the aftermath of the Napoleonic era to the outbreak of the First World War. Encompassing Prussia/Germany, France, Great Britain, the United States of America and the Marxist theory later to gain sway in Russia, The Development of Military Thought focuses on the wider conceptions of war, strategy, and military theory which dominated the West in this period. Dr. Gat's penetrating analysis uncovers the intellectual assumptions and picture of the past which underlay military policy and practice.
Most studies of 20th-century social theory still view historical development through the lens of the Cold War. This important study challenges the prevailing ahistorical Cold War paradigm by looking at theoretical traditions formulated by Marx, Durkheim and Weber that have shaped discussions about change and development for nearly a century. The author explores how these perspectives were formed, how later ideas were incorporated, and the relevance of these theories to national and international structures of power. In providing a new window through which to analyze social change, this accessible book tackles a wide range of subjects, including: · the rise of industrial capitalist society · imperialism · regimes and territories on the edges of states · the resurgence of the idea of progress and cultural revolution in the US · decolonization and modernization theory · social revolution · rituals of rebellion · postcolonial discourse · the collapse of the socialist block and the resurgence of nationalism. This stimulating book will be of interest to anyone studying social and cultural change, development, the history of anthropological theory, or the history of social thought.
What new directions will development take in the next century? A distinguished group of experts on economic development debated this question in late 1996. Their views of the emerging development consensus are presented in Economic and Social Development into the XXI Century. The authors give special attention to developing countries in Latin America and East Asia. Analyzing the growth of certain East Asian economies, they ask what can be emulated: state-engineered industrial policies? an export push? better initial income distribution? fiscal incentives to promote corporate growth? the region's successful land reform efforts, or the commitment to better education? While agreeing that equity is a major determinant of economic success, they differ regarding how to achieve it.
Capitalism in the twentieth century was marked by periods of persistent bad performance alternating with episodes of good performance. A lot of economic research ignores this phenomenon; other work concentrates almost exclusively on developing technology as its cause. This 2001 book draws upon Schumpeterian, Institutional and Keynesian economics to investigate how far these swings in performance can be explained as integral to capitalist development. The authors consider the macroeconomic record of the developed capitalist economies over the past 100 years (including rates of growth, inflation and unemployment) as well as the interaction of economic variables with the changing structural features of the economy in the course of industrialization and transformation. This approach allows for changes both in the economic structure and in the economic variables to be generated within the system. This study will be essential reading for macroeconomists and economic historians.
Development Economics has been identified as a homogeneous body of theory since the 1950s, concerned both with the study of development issues and with the shaping of more effective policies for less advanced economies. Development Economics in the Twenty-First Century brings together an international contributor team in order to explore the origins and evolution of development economics. This book highlights the different elements of ‘high development theory’ through a precise reconstruction of the different theoretical approaches that developed between the 1950s and the 1970s. These include the theory of balanced and unbalanced growth theory, the debate on international trade, the concept of dualism, dependency theory, structuralism and the analysis of poverty and institutions. The chapters highlight the relevance and usefulness of these analyses for the contemporary theoretical debate on development issues. Comparative perspectives are explored and analysed, including those of Keynes, Hirschman, Krugman and Stiglitz. The chapters situate development economics within current debates among economists and historians of economic thought, providing a platform for future research. This book is suitable for researchers and students with an interest in Development Economics, the History of Economic development and the Economics of Developing Countries.
This is is a core text for courses across mental health service disciplines, including counselling, social work, psychology, public health, and nursing. It was developed by the author for her course in counseling services and administration as a response to her frustration for a comprehensive book that takes students through all the necessary components involved in developing a mental health community program (such as reducing teen pregnancy, increasing access for minorities, health promotion and prevention). This book is unique in its coverage of all the main areas required to plan and implement a community program, but it goes a step further by including important information on sustaining the program, budgeting, funding, community resource development, and fully implementing the program. In addition, the author has developed a number of tools that aid the student in developing a community program (usually a required class project) including exercises to help with needs assessment and planning, as well as exercises and quizzes, which will be included in a cd with the book. The book presents the author's 13-step model that guides a student through the entire process of planning and developing a mental health community program.
Most colonies became independent countries after the end of World War II, while few of them became modernized even after decades of their independence. Taiwan is one of the few to become a modern state with remarkable achievements in its economic, socio-cultural, and political development. This book addresses the path and trajectory of the emergence of Taiwan from a colony to a modern state in the past century.