Equality, Discrimination and the Law

Equality, Discrimination and the Law

Author: Michael Connolly

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2022-01-06

Total Pages: 195

ISBN-13: 100045360X

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In identifying a number of ‘fuzzy border’ cases (notably where pensionable age, pregnancy, residence, and marriage, are proxies for unlawful discrimination), Equality, Discrimination and the Law argues that the traditional notions of discrimination and victimisation are inadequate to implement equality policy and cannot represent fully the reality of discriminatory practices. When Mr and Mrs James - each aged 61 - went swimming, Mr James was charged for entry, while Mrs James was admitted free. The reason was that the local authority offered free swimming to those of ‘pensionable age’ (at the time, 65 for men and 60 for women). The House of Lords found that Mr James had suffered direct sex discrimination. This majority plurality decision indicated that sometimes a given set of facts does not neatly accord to traditional definitions of discrimination. This in turn encourages the judiciary to shape the law to fit the facts, which results in an inconsistent body of law full of ‘fuzzy borders’. Starting with the James case, this book investigates a number of ‘fuzzy border’ cases in the EU and UK based on nationality discrimination, notions of indirect discrimination, pregnancy and sex discrimination, marriage and sexual orientation discrimination, perceived discrimination, and victimisation. The argument concludes that fixed notions such as ‘direct and indirect discrimination are mutually exclusive’ do not stand up to scrutiny and that it must be recognised that the traditional concepts of discrimination and victimisation do not reflect the reality of practice. This work is essential reading for students, scholars and practitioners in all EU and English-speaking jurisdictions, particularly post-graduates, Policy/Law-makers, and those on dedicated equality undergraduate courses.


Equality and Discrimination Law in Australia: An Introduction

Equality and Discrimination Law in Australia: An Introduction

Author: Beth Gaze

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-11-24

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 1107432251

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Equality and Discrimination Law in Australia: An Introduction adopts a groundbreaking approach in its delivery of equality and discrimination law principles. It analyses equality as a goal of the law, and acknowledges that to prevent discrimination modern laws must challenge the beliefs, practices, systems and structures that enable it.


Employment Discrimination Law

Employment Discrimination Law

Author: Robert Belton

Publisher: West Academic Publishing

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 1080

ISBN-13:

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Reflecting the dominate theme of workplace equality, the authors go beyond this general consensus to affirm that the fundamental purpose of laws prohibiting employment discrimination is to implement the national civil rights policy. Organized around an examination of the reach and limits of laws, the book scrutinizes the federal statutory protection against employment discrimination. Constitutional provisions and state laws are included where appropriate. In addition, this new edition extensively uses scholarship drawn from the work of critical race theorists and feminist legal scholars. It also has materials on the law and economics approach to employment discrimination.


Discrimination, Copyright and Equality

Discrimination, Copyright and Equality

Author: Paul Harpur

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-04-03

Total Pages: 363

ISBN-13: 1108210570

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While equality laws operate to enable access to information, these laws have limited power over the overriding impact of market forces and copyright laws that focus on restricting access to information. Technology now creates opportunities for everyone in the world, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, to be able to access the written word – yet the print disabled are denied reading equality, and have their access to information limited by laws protecting the mainstream use and consumption of information. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the World Intellectual Property Organization's Marrakesh Treaty have swept in a new legal paradigm. This book contributes to disability rights scholarship, and builds on ideas of digital equality and rights to access in its analysis of domestic disability anti-discrimination, civil rights, human rights, constitutional rights, copyright and other equality measures that promote and hinder reading equality.


Equality and Discrimination

Equality and Discrimination

Author: Brian John Doyle

Publisher: Jordan Publishing (GB)

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781846612015

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The domestic law concerning discrimination is currently contained in five separate Acts and four sets of principal regulations, reflecting no less than six main EU Directives. The Equality Act 2010 will harmonise the law relating to equality and discrimination, and will replace all existing anti- discrimination law once in force. The Act contains a number of provisions to support progress on equality, by: * introducing a public sector duty regarding socio-economic inequalities * empowering ministers to add caste to the definition of race * prohibiting discrimination arising from disability and outlawing enquiries about disability and health * extending indirect discrimination to disability * introducing combined discrimination based on dual characteristics * dealing with reasonable adjustments to common parts of premises * creating new rights to claim equal pay as a form of direct sex or dual discrimination where there is no identifiable male comparator * rendering it unlawful to prohibit colleagues from talking about terms of employment with a view to checking whether there is prohibited discrimination * allowing political parties to take proportionate action in selection arrangements to address under-representation in elected bodies and requiring them to publish anonymised information on the diversity of candidate selections * extending the public sector equality duty to gender reassignment, age, religion or belief, and sexual orientation * extending the permitted use of positive action to all protected characteristics, and to recruitment and promotion * defining relevant types of work to which an equality clause or rule apply * recognising the reduction of pay inequality as a legitimate part of the material factor defence * enabling claims of direct sex discrimination or dual discrimination in relation to contractual pay in the absence of a comparator doing equal work * ensuring that there is greater transparency and dialogue within workplaces about pay * requiring private and voluntary sector employers of 250+ employees to publish information about gender-based pay differences * ensuring licensing authorities cannot refuse licences to wheelchair accessible vehicles on the grounds of controlling taxi numbers * excepting charities benefiting only people of the same age group or with the same disability * allowing exceptions from age discrimination in the provision of services and the exercise of public functions * reforming the law on family property and civil partnerships * ensuring the future harmonisation of the areas of the Act covered by EU law and those that are domestic in origin * making new provisions affecting information society services Equality and Discrimination - The New Law provides a thorough and practical analysis of the new Act, and places it in the context of the old law and suggests how the new law is likely to work in practice. It will be essential reading for all lawyers and professional advisers dealing with employment and discrimination matters, as well as central and local government departments; schools, colleges and universities and their users; private clubs and other associations; and transport providers. The full text of the Act is reproduced in full.


Basic Equality and Discrimination

Basic Equality and Discrimination

Author: Nicholas Smith

Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 9781409428435

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Basic Equality and Discrimination examines the justification, interpretation and application of discrimination law. In order to navigate the often dense and conflicted jurisprudence in this area, the work first considers equality as a moral and political concept, thus providing a clearer understanding of the nature of the value - equality - and illustrating the nature of the difficulties posed by constitutional and ordinary 'equality law'.


Equality

Equality

Author: Bob Hepple

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2014-10-16

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 178225501X

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The second edition of this widely-acclaimed book about the Equality Act 2010 by one of its leading architects brings forward the story of how and why this historic legislation was enacted and what it means, to cover the first four years of its implementation by the Coalition Government and in the courts. This includes an assessment of amendments to the legislation, the reduction in the powers and budget of the Equality and Human Rights Commission and the imposition of tribunal fees, as well as a discussion of possible future directions of equality law and policy. From the Foreword to the first edition by Lord Lester of Herne Hill QC 'This is no ordinary law book, and its author is no ordinary lawyer. The book, like the Equality Act 2010 which it describes and discusses, is a major landmark in the long struggle for effective legal protection of equal rights and equal treatment without direct or indirect discrimination. It places the law in its political, economic and social context and traces its often contested and controversial legal history...'.


Equality and Discrimination Under International Law

Equality and Discrimination Under International Law

Author: Warwick Alexander McKean

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13:

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History of discrimination and equal opportunity under international law - discusses replacement of minority group protection by human rights; covers racial discrimination, sex discrimination, language discrimination and religious discrimination; examines role of UN and specialized agencies, role of ILO and ILO Conventions, judicial decisions, etc.


Equality and Non-Discrimination under International Law

Equality and Non-Discrimination under International Law

Author: Stephanie Farrior

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 1003

ISBN-13: 1351568027

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The principles of equality and non-discrimination lie at the heart of international human rights law. They are the only human rights explicitly included in the UN Charter and they appear at the beginning of virtually every major human rights instrument. This volume contains selected works by leading authors on the subject of equality and non-discrimination under international law. The selections are grouped into four sections. The first presents essays that explore theoretical concepts of equality and non-discrimination. The next addresses the development of international legal standards on the subject. The third presents articles analyzing how those standards have been interpreted and applied by UN and regional human rights bodies, and the last contains works on what measures besides legal action States are to take to in order to achieve equality and non-discrimination.


Engineering Equality

Engineering Equality

Author: Alexander Somek

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2011-05-05

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 0199693374

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Examining the rise of European anti-discrimination law, this book provides a critique of the focus on and implementation of, anti-discrimination law.