Effects of Color and Animation on Visual Short-term Memory in Computer-environment Learning Tasks
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Published: 2009
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Published: 2009
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Rautenstrauch, Claus
Publisher: IGI Global
Published: 2000-07-01
Total Pages: 448
ISBN-13: 1930708831
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEnvironmental Information Systems in Industry and Public Administration provides an overview of worldwide research and development of environmental information systems (ENVIS). This book is the only topical documentation of the highly innovative approach of information systems for environmental protection. Issues are covered from the global and multinational level to industrial solutions for enterprises. In particular, the book deals with protection of air, water and soil, urban and landscape developments, prevention of environmental hazards and waste management.
Author: Nicholas Michael Van Horn
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 154
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKVisual short-term memory (VSTM) is commonly perceived as a temporary buffer into which information is moved for retention across relatively short intervals. Guided by work on the "standard model" of working memory, these buffers are assumed to reside in modality-specific areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recent converging evidence has begun to call these conventional views into question, with a growing consensus that working memory is the emergent result of attention-guided activity across many areas of the brain. This "emergent-property" view suggests that working memory is sustained in part by the very same sensory areas involved in encoding external input. If visual short-term memory is represented and maintained on the same neural populations involved in common perceptual tasks as evidence suggests, we might expect possible interactions. The current thesis describes a series of experiments designed to build a detailed profile of these interactions. In Chapter 2 we establish the utility of using visual aftereffects as investigative tools in two behavioral experiments. In the first experiment we measure the magnitude of static and dynamic motion aftereffects before and after perceptual learning on a motion discrimination task using identical stimuli. Our results indicate that learning does not affect the duration of the aftereffects, strongly suggesting that improvements in discrimination are not mediated by changes in the underlying perceptual representations of the stimuli. Rather, our evidence supports the view that practice changes the relative contributions of perceptual outputs to decision-making areas. A second experiment rules out a competing explanation in which the locus of learning does not share enough overlap with the neural populations responsible for the observed aftereffects. Next, in Chapter 3 we demonstrate the efficacy of analyzing multivariate response data over traditional reliance on accuracy or response time alone. We apply the diffusion model (DM) to accuracy and response time distributions on data from two perceptual learning experiments. Results reveal that practice-induced improvements in motion direction discrimination arise from the combination of stimulus-specific improvements in the quality of sensory information entering decision areas, and non-specific gains in the timing of decision-making processes. Following this, in Chapter 4 we leverage the methodological gains of the previous results to test the hypothesis that the contents of VSTM can influence the perception of stimuli during the memory retention interval. We use a dual-task design to test the effect of VSTM on perception. Results suggest that orientation information in memory has a repulsive effect on the perception of subsequently presented orientations, not unlike tilt aftereffects. Further DM analysis confirms that our results are perceptual in nature and do not arise from artifacts in response time shifts. Finally, in Chapter 5 we describe an experiment designed to test if the interactions observed in Chapter 4 share the same neural mechanism as memory masking, and what, if any, effect practice has on these two forms of interference. An asymmetrical effect due to memory-stimulus similarity, as well as contrasting effects due to training on the two sources of interference strongly indicate the involvement of two separate processes. Taken together, this collection of studies highlights the existence of another form of VSTM-perception entanglement that is complementary to memory masking, but behaves much differently, particularly under the influence of practice. The results indicate that VSTM and perception interact in systematic ways that are critical to understand, most notably in laboratory settings where the effects can disrupt the subtle differences upon which observers must make decisions. A novel model is proposed that parsimoniously reconciles observed patterns of perceptual learning, as well as the apparently disparate forms of interactions measured throughout. Collectively, the present work supports the emergent-property hypothesis of working memory, as well as a revised version of the standard model.Less
Author: Sarah Rose Zohar
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKVisual short-term memory has been studied extensively, however nearly all research on this topic has assessed two-dimensional object properties. This is unexpected, given that most individuals perceive the visual environment in three-dimensions. In the experiments reported here, I investigate the stimuli necessary to assess visual short-term memory while eliminating potential confounds: the use of verbal memory to encode visual information, and the unintentional use of mental resources directed at irrelevant aspects of the memory task. I assess the impact of the amount of disparity, and the distribution of elements in depth, on visual short-term memory. Individuals retain simple visual stimuli equivalently when information is displayed in 2-D or 3-D, regardless of how objects are distributed in 3-D. Conversely, ease of encoding does influence visual short-term memory. Tasks that facilitate encoding result in better visual short-term memory performance. The experiments reported show that stereoscopic 3-D does not improve visual short-term memory.
Author: Bak, Ozlem
Publisher: IGI Global
Published: 2011-03-31
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13: 1609605020
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"This book assesses the impact of e-business technologies on different organizations, which include higher education institutions, multinational automotive corporations, and health providers"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
Published: 2011-07-31
Total Pages: 3164
ISBN-13: 1609607848
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOrganizational Learning and Knowledge: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications demonstrates exhaustively the many applications, issues, and techniques applied to the science of recording, categorizing, using and learning from the experiences and expertise acquired by the modern organization. A much needed collection, this multi-volume reference presents the theoretical foundations, research results, practical case studies, and future trends to both inform the decisions facing today's organizations and the establish fruitful organizational practices for the future. Practitioners, researchers, and academics involved in leading organizations of all types will find useful, grounded resources for navigating the ever-changing organizational landscape.
Author: Richard Lowe
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 403
ISBN-13: 0521851890
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explores the effectiveness of electronic-based learning materials by a team of international experts.
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Published: 1982
Total Pages: 852
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Richard E. Mayer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2009-01-19
Total Pages: 321
ISBN-13: 0521514126
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAn evidence based, rigorous text reviewing 12 principles of experimental studies grounded in cognitive theory of multi-media learning.