Why is ‘Why’ Unique?
Why is ‘Why’ Unique?

Author: Gabriela Soare

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2021-09-07

Total Pages: 439

ISBN-13: 3110675218

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Why is ‘Why’ Unique? Its Syntactic and Semantic Properties considers the behaviour of this peculiar wh-element across many different languages, including Ewe, Trevisan, Italian, Basque, German, Dutch, Cantonese, Mandarin, English and Hebrew. In ten original chapters, the authors explore various aspects of why-questions, such as the way why interacts with V2 constructions in Basque, with a subject clitic in Trevisan or how its morpho-syntactic make-up determines its merge position in Ewe, to mention but a few. Furthermore, a clear-cut distinction is established between high and low reason adverbials which are subsequently examined in why-stripping environments in Dutch. Beyond why proper, the book explores a special class of wh-expressions in some in-situ languages which give rise to unexpected why-construals with a touch of whining force. The objective is to explain the unusual syntactic position of these wh-expressions as well as their association with peculiar pragmatics. The questions are addressed for Cantonese: are what-initial sentences genuine questions? To what extent are Cantonese what-initial sentences similar to how-initial sentences in Mandarin? Beside these what-as-why questions, a special class of rhetorical questions, the doubly-marked interrogatives in Hebrew, come under scrutiny. Why is ‘why’ unique also concerns the interface with prosody and several experimental studies investigate precisely this aspect.

Why Language?
Why Language?

Author: Jacques Moeschler

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2021-08-23

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 3110723387

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There is, at present, no book introducing the general issue of why language is specific to human beings, how it works, why language is not communication and communication is not language, why languages vary and how they evolved. Based on the most recent works in linguistics and pragmatics, Why Language? addresses many questions that everyone has about language. Starting from false claims about language and languages, showing that language is not communication and communication is not language, the first part (Language and Communication) ends by proposing a difference between linguistic rules and communicative principles. The second part (Language, Society, Discourse) includes domains of language and language uses which are generally taken as extrinsic to language, such as language variety, discourse and non-ordinary (literary) usages. Special attention is given to figures of discourse (metaphor, metonymy, irony) and literary usages such as narration and free indirect style. The reader, either specialist or amateur in language science, will find a first and unique synthesis about what we know today about language and what we have yet to learn, sketching what could be the future of linguistics in the next decades.

Honor Among Thieves
Honor Among Thieves

Author: Rachel Caine

Publisher: HarperCollins

Published: 2018-02-13

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 006257101X

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Meet your new favorite kickass heroine in this daring YA series by New York Times bestselling authors Rachel Caine and Ann Aguirre, a thrilling yet romantic futuristic adventure perfect for fans of Claudia Gray’s A Thousand Pieces of You. Petty criminal Zara Cole has a painful past that’s made her stronger than most, which is why she chose life in New Detroit instead moving with her family to Mars. In her eyes, living inside a dome isn’t much better than a prison cell. Still, when Zara commits a crime that has her running scared, jail might be exactly where she’s headed. Instead Zara is recruited into the Honors, an elite team of humans selected by the Leviathan—a race of sentient alien ships—to explore the outer reaches of the universe as their passengers. Zara seizes the chance to flee Earth’s dangers, but when she meets Nadim, the alien ship she’s assigned, Zara starts to feel at home for the first time. But nothing could have prepared her for the dark, ominous truths that lurk behind the alluring glitter of starlight.

Why Only Us
Why Only Us

Author: Robert C. Berwick

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2017-05-12

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 0262533499

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Berwick and Chomsky draw on recent developments in linguistic theory to offer an evolutionary account of language and humans' remarkable, species-specific ability to acquire it. “A loosely connected collection of four essays that will fascinate anyone interested in the extraordinary phenomenon of language.” —New York Review of Books We are born crying, but those cries signal the first stirring of language. Within a year or so, infants master the sound system of their language; a few years after that, they are engaging in conversations. This remarkable, species-specific ability to acquire any human language—“the language faculty”—raises important biological questions about language, including how it has evolved. This book by two distinguished scholars—a computer scientist and a linguist—addresses the enduring question of the evolution of language. Robert Berwick and Noam Chomsky explain that until recently the evolutionary question could not be properly posed, because we did not have a clear idea of how to define “language” and therefore what it was that had evolved. But since the Minimalist Program, developed by Chomsky and others, we know the key ingredients of language and can put together an account of the evolution of human language and what distinguishes us from all other animals. Berwick and Chomsky discuss the biolinguistic perspective on language, which views language as a particular object of the biological world; the computational efficiency of language as a system of thought and understanding; the tension between Darwin's idea of gradual change and our contemporary understanding about evolutionary change and language; and evidence from nonhuman animals, in particular vocal learning in songbirds.

Why Is There Suffering?
Why Is There Suffering?

Author: Bethany N. Sollereder

Publisher: Zondervan

Published: 2021-11-02

Total Pages: 181

ISBN-13: 0310109035

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Your journey begins. The road before you is smooth and straight. You walk for some time, recalling your experiences that call into question the deep realities of life. Up ahead, you can see the road branching in three directions. . . In Why Is There Suffering? you, reader, control the route you take through its "choose-your-own-path" chapters, asking questions and exploring different theological possibilities on the big topics of: God's existence God's nature The nature of suffering Evil Pain Final destiny Taking an intentionally light-hearted approach to a heavy topic this book presents an illustrative introduction to the problem of suffering and the most commonly offered responses to it. Along the road, you'll face multiple possibilities regarding suffering and its theological explanations, and you'll make choices about which one you find most plausible, skipping to that section of the book. Each decision you make leads to further complexities and new choices that reveal how theological beliefs lead to certain conclusions. This book does not offer final answers. Instead, it introduces the "theological" possibilities—both Christian and non-Christian—that you can explore and wrestle with to make informed decisions about your beliefs and clearly see the road you've taken to reach such beliefs. You are, of course, in control of the paths you take through these pages. You decide which explanations work. You can always go back and see what would change if you'd taken a different path. And, who knows. . .you may find that certain pathways resonate with your experiences in ways you didn't expect.

Linguistics
Linguistics

Author: Geoffrey K. Pullum

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-10-04

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 1509530789

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Language is the medium in which we humans compose our thoughts, explain our thinking, construct our arguments, and create works of literature. Without language, societies as complex as ours could not exist. Geoffrey Pullum offers a stimulating introduction to the many ways in which linguistics, as the scientific study of language, matters. With its close relationships to psychology, education, philosophy, and computer science, the subject has a compelling human story to tell about the ways in which different societies see and describe the world, and its far-reaching applications range from law to medicine and from developmental psychology to artificial intelligence. Introducing Polity’s Why It Matters series: In these short and lively books, world-leading thinkers make the case for the importance of their subjects and aim to inspire a new generation of students.

Why Johnny Doesn't Flap
Why Johnny Doesn't Flap

Author: Clay Morton

Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers

Published: 2015-10-21

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13: 1784501905

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Johnny is different. He is never exactly on time, he can't seem to stick to a routine and he often speaks in cryptic idioms. Johnny is neurotypical, but that's ok. A picture book with a difference, Why Johnny Doesn't Flap turns the tables on common depictions of neurological difference by drolly revealing how people who are not on the autistic spectrum are perceived by those who are. The autistic narrator's bafflement at his neurotypical friend's quirks shows that 'normal' is simply a matter of perspective.

Your Extraordinary Why
Your Extraordinary Why

Author: Brett Pyle

Publisher: Extraordinary Why

Published: 2019-11-17

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781734071504

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What's your story? Why are you here on Planet Earth? Is achieving material success your driving ambition, OR would you rather make a remarkable impact? How free would you feel if you completely owned your story - your past, present, future, and the legacy you'll leave for future generations? In this transformational book, award winning, TEDx Speaker Brett Pyle takes you on the expedition of a lifetime - the epic journey to find, live, and lead from Your Extraordinary Why! Brett's masterful storytelling keeps the journey entertaining, even as it passes through profound territory. Along the ride, Brett reveals secrets about humanity's search for significance and the life-altering lessons he's learned while delivering over 700 workshops on this deep subject. As you read you'll discover:* How to identify the whys that drive you and why they matter so much to you* What an Extraordinary Life means to you* How to break free from unresolved wounds that hinder you in your relationships* How to set goals that lead to lasting significance* What you must accomplish to fulfill your purpose Do you believe that your life should truly matter, but you're unsure how to make that happen? If so, then this book is for you!

Introduction to Pitcairn
Introduction to Pitcairn

Author: Gilad James, PhD

Publisher: Gilad James Mystery School

Published:

Total Pages: 74

ISBN-13: 5611229409

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Introduction to Pitcairn is a book that provides an overview of the history, culture, and geography of Pitcairn Island. The book begins by describing how the island was discovered by Europeans in 1767 and subsequently settled by a group of British mutineers and Tahitian women in 1790. It then goes on to detail how the Pitcairn Islanders built a society on the island, despite facing significant challenges such as shortages of food and water, disease, and isolation. The book also covers the island's natural environment, wildlife, and attractions, such as its tropical climate and pristine beaches. The second paragraph of the book offers insight into the culture and way of life on Pitcairn Island. The book describes how the Pitcairn Islanders have developed a unique culture, blending elements of British and Polynesian cultures, and have also maintained a strong sense of community, despite their small population of approximately 50 people. The book also details the economy of the island, which is primarily focused on fishing and handicrafts, and explains how the Pitcairn Islanders have managed to preserve their traditional way of life while also integrating modern technologies and practices. Overall, Introduction to Pitcairn is a fascinating introduction to a remote and little-known island that has managed to develop a distinctive culture and way of life despite its many challenges.

Language in Our Brain
Language in Our Brain

Author: Angela D. Friederici

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2017-11-16

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 0262036924

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A comprehensive account of the neurobiological basis of language, arguing that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the different language processes and, more important, how these brain regions are connected structurally and functionally to make language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate brains. Is this the “missing link” that explains humans' capacity for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution.