Slates from quarries in Wales once went to roof the world. By the late nineteenth century as many as a third of all the roofing slates produced worldwide came from Wales, competing with quarries in France and the United States. This book traces the industry from its origins in the Roman period, its slow medieval development and then its massive expansion in the nineteenth century – as well as through its long drawn-out decline in the twentieth.
The slate quarries near Llanberis have become one of the most popular climbing spots in North Wales for climbers looking for sport routes, or immaculate slab climbing. The development started with the slate boom of the 1980s when the area became famous for immaculate slabs of purple slate with bold run-out routes. Most of these routes are still there in their original style and many have become classics and much sought-after trad ticks. More recently the area has been developed with a multitude of super sport routes from short single pitches to huge multi-pitch extravaganzas. This guide is a celebration of all of those styles of slate climbing. It is a comprehensive guidebook covering all the routes which is a little unusual for a Rockfax, although we have produced such books before.
This guide covers everything, from Wales' pumping nightlife and rural cosmopolitanism to its crags and castles. Critical reviews are given on accommodation and restaurants suiting all pockets, from budget to luxury. There are detailed descriptions of numerous walks, from gentle lakeside strolls to serious mountain scrambles, and water sports, including surfing and the locally pioneered sport of coasteering.
This Wales guidebook is perfect for independent travellers planning a longer trip. It features all of the must-see sights and a wide range of off-the-beaten-track places. It also provides detailed practical information on preparing for a trip and what to do on the ground. And this Wales travel guidebook is printed on paper from responsible sources, and verified to meet the FSC’s strict environmental and social standards. This Wales guidebook covers: Cardiff and southeast Wales, Southwest Wales, The Brecon Beacons and Powys, The Cambrian coast, The Dee Valley and around, Snowdonia and the Llŷn, The north coast and Anglesey. Inside this Wales travel book, you’ll find: A wide range of sights – Rough Guides experts have hand-picked places for travellers with different needs and desires: off-the-beaten-track adventures, family activities or chilled-out breaks Itinerary examples – created for different time frames or types of trip Practical information – how to get to Wales, all about public transport, food and drink, shopping, travelling with children, sports and outdoor activities, tips for travellers with disabilities and more Author picks and things not to miss in Wales – Conwy, Cadair Idris, The Gower Peninsula, Adventure Parc Snowdonia, Wacky Llanwrtyd Wells, Ffestiniog Railway, St Davids Cathedral, Mawddach Trail, Carreg Cennen Castle, Pembrokeshire Coast Path, Snowdon, Tryfan, Edward I's Iron Ring, Cardiff, Brecon Beacons, Male Voice Choirs, Wye Valley, Industrial Heritage, Hay-on-Wye, Abergavenny's Food, Zip-wire Madness, Aberglasney Insider recommendations – tips on how to beat the crowds, save time and money, and find the best local spots When to go to Wales – high season, low season, climate information and festivals Where to go – a clear introduction to Wales with key places and a handy overview Extensive coverage of regions, places and experiences – regional highlights, sights and places for different types of travellers, with experiences matching different needs Places to eat, drink and stay – hand-picked restaurants, cafes, bars and hotels Practical info at each site – hours of operation, websites, transit tips, charges Colour-coded mapping – with keys and legends listing sites categorised as highlights, eating, accommodation, shopping, drinking and nightlife Background information for connoisseurs – history, culture, art, architecture, film, books, religion, diversity Essential Welsh dictionary and glossary of local terms Fully updated post-COVID-19 The guide provides a comprehensive and rich selection of places to see and things to do in Wales, as well as great planning tools. It’s the perfect companion, both ahead of your trip and on the ground.
Embark on an enchanting journey through the captivating saga of "The History of Wales," a spellbinding book that weaves together the rich tapestry of this ancient and resilient nation. From its mystical landscapes and majestic castles to its legendary heroes and vibrant culture, this enthralling narrative will leave readers spellbound and immersed in the heart of Wales' fascinating past. With meticulous research and a masterful storytelling approach, this book unravels the mysteries of Wales' origins, delving into the annals of time to explore the ancient Celtic tribes and their captivating folklore. Experience the rise of mighty kings and the echoes of legendary battles that have echoed through the ages, shaping the indomitable spirit of the Welsh people. As you journey through the ages, you will encounter the poetic brilliance of the bards and immerse yourself in the melodious tunes of traditional music, experiencing the artistic prowess that has flourished in this storied land. "The History of Wales" is not just a chronicle of events; it is a celebration of the enduring cultural heritage that has left an indelible mark on the world. Discover the struggles and triumphs that have defined Wales' identity and forged a strong sense of unity among its people. From the pages of this book, you will gain a deep appreciation for the language, art, and architecture that continue to make Wales a captivating beacon of history and tradition. Perfect for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike, "The History of Wales" promises an immersive and enlightening experience, breathing life into a past that continues to shape the present. Whether you're drawn to tales of heroism and adventure or yearn to understand the essence of a nation that holds its history dear, this book is a must-read for anyone who seeks to uncover the soul of Wales. Journey through time and explore the essence of a land steeped in mystery, beauty, and resilience. "The History of Wales" will transport you through the centuries, leaving you with a profound appreciation for the enduring legacy of this remarkable nation.
Most people do not think to observe geology from the sidewalks of a major city, but all David B. Williams has to do is look at building stone in any urban center to find a range of rocks equal to any assembled by plate tectonics. In Stories in Stone, he takes you on explorations to find 3.5-billion-year-old rock that looks like swirled pink-and-black taffy, a gas station made of petrified wood, and a Florida fort that has withstood three hundred years of attacks and hurricanes, despite being made of a stone that has the consistency of a granola bar. Williams also weaves in the cultural history of stone, explaining why a white fossil-rich limestone from Indiana became the only building stone used in all fifty states; how in 1825, the construction of the Bunker Hill Monument led to America’s first commercial railroad; and why when the same kind of marble used by Michelangelo clad a Chicago skyscraper it warped so much after nineteen years that all 44,000 panels of it had to be replaced. This love letter to building stone brings to life the geology you can see in the structures of every city.
Ideal for students of architectural technology, this volume of the Technologies of Architecture series covers the technologies available and the processes necessary for the conservation of existing buildings and environments. This book provides, in a single text, the tools for students to be able to evaluate such buildings, as well as an extensive understanding of the mechanisms which cause their deterioration and knowledge of the technologies available to correct their status. The ever higher standards set for buildings, especially in energy conservation contexts, demand that practitioners appreciate how the performance of existing structures can be enhanced, which is also covered. Considering the work of conservation within a holistic perspective and historical context, this book is additionally invaluable for architecture and construction students.
