Weakly Semialgebraic Spaces

Weakly Semialgebraic Spaces

Author: Manfred Knebusch

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2006-11-14

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 3540460896

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book is the second part of an intended three-volume treatise on semialgebraic topology over an arbitrary real closed field R. In the first volume (LNM 1173) the category LSA(R) or regular paracompact locally semialgebraic spaces over R was studied. The category WSA(R) of weakly semialgebraic spaces over R - the focus of this new volume - contains LSA(R) as a full subcategory. The book provides ample evidence that WSA(R) is "the" right cadre to understand homotopy and homology of semialgebraic sets, while LSA(R) seems to be more natural and beautiful from a geometric angle. The semialgebraic sets appear in LSA(R) and WSA(R) as the full subcategory SA(R) of affine semialgebraic spaces. The theory is new although it borrows from algebraic topology. A highlight is the proof that every generalized topological (co)homology theory has a counterpart in WSA(R) with in some sense "the same", or even better, properties as the topological theory. Thus we may speak of ordinary (=singular) homology groups, orthogonal, unitary or symplectic K-groups, and various sorts of cobordism groups of a semialgebraic set over R. If R is not archimedean then it seems difficult to develop a satisfactory theory of these groups within the category of semialgebraic sets over R: with weakly semialgebraic spaces this becomes easy. It remains for us to interpret the elements of these groups in geometric terms: this is done here for ordinary (co)homology.


Homology of Locally Semialgebraic Spaces

Homology of Locally Semialgebraic Spaces

Author: Hans Delfs

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2006-11-14

Total Pages: 145

ISBN-13: 3540384944

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Locally semialgebraic spaces serve as an appropriate framework for studying the topological properties of varieties and semialgebraic sets over a real closed field. This book contributes to the fundamental theory of semialgebraic topology and falls into two main parts. The first dealswith sheaves and their cohomology on spaces which locally look like a constructible subset of a real spectrum. Topics like families of support, homotopy, acyclic sheaves, base-change theorems and cohomological dimension are considered. In the second part a homology theory for locally complete locally semialgebraic spaces over a real closed field is developed, the semialgebraic analogue of classical Bore-Moore-homology. Topics include fundamental classes of manifolds and varieties, Poincare duality, extensions of the base field and a comparison with the classical theory. Applying semialgebraic Borel-Moore-homology, a semialgebraic ("topological") approach to intersection theory on varieties over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is given. The book is addressed to researchers and advanced students in real algebraic geometry and related areas.


Real Algebraic Geometry

Real Algebraic Geometry

Author: Michel Coste

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2006-11-15

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 3540473378

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Ten years after the first Rennes international meeting on real algebraic geometry, the second one looked at the developments in the subject during the intervening decade - see the 6 survey papers listed below. Further contributions from the participants on recent research covered real algebra and geometry, topology of real algebraic varieties and 16thHilbert problem, classical algebraic geometry, techniques in real algebraic geometry, algorithms in real algebraic geometry, semialgebraic geometry, real analytic geometry. CONTENTS: Survey papers: M. Knebusch: Semialgebraic topology in the last ten years.- R. Parimala: Algebraic and topological invariants of real algebraic varieties.- Polotovskii, G.M.: On the classification of decomposing plane algebraic curves.- Scheiderer, C.: Real algebra and its applications to geometry in the last ten years: some major developments and results.- Shustin, E.L.: Topology of real plane algebraic curves.- Silhol, R.: Moduli problems in real algebraic geometry. Further contributions by: S. Akbulut and H. King; C. Andradas and J. Ruiz; A. Borobia; L. Br|cker; G.W. Brumfield; A. Castilla; Z. Charzynski and P. Skibinski; M. Coste and M. Reguiat; A. Degtyarev; Z. Denkowska; J.-P. Francoise and F. Ronga; J.M. Gamboa and C. Ueno; D. Gondard- Cozette; I.V. Itenberg; P. Jaworski; A. Korchagin; T. Krasinksi and S. Spodzieja; K. Kurdyka; H. Lombardi; M. Marshall and L. Walter; V.F. Mazurovskii; G. Mikhalkin; T. Mostowski and E. Rannou; E.I. Shustin; N. Vorobjov.


The Basic Theory of Real Closed Spaces

The Basic Theory of Real Closed Spaces

Author: Niels Schwartz

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 0821824600

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Much in the same way as classical algebraic varieties are generalized by the theory of schemes, locally semi-algebraic spaces are generalized by a class of locally ringed spaces, called real closed spaces. The underlying spaces of affine real closed spaces are real spectra of rings, the structure sheaves are called real closed sheaves. With these spaces a theory can be developed which is very similar to the theory of schemes. There is a natural functor from the category of semi-algebraic spaces to the category of real closed spaces. Via this functor properties of semi-algebraic spaces and their corresponding real closed spaces can be compared.


Semi-algebraic Function Rings and Reflectors of Partially Ordered Rings

Semi-algebraic Function Rings and Reflectors of Partially Ordered Rings

Author: Niels Schwartz

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2006-11-13

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 3540482849

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book lays algebraic foundations for real geometry through a systematic investigation of partially ordered rings of semi-algebraic functions. Real spectra serve as primary geometric objects, the maps between them are determined by rings of functions associated with the spectra. The many different possible choices for these rings of functions are studied via reflections of partially ordered rings. Readers should feel comfortable using basic algebraic and categorical concepts. As motivational background some familiarity with real geometry will be helpful. The book aims at researchers and graduate students with an interest in real algebra and geometry, ordered algebraic structures, topology and rings of continuous functions.


Ordered Cones and Approximation

Ordered Cones and Approximation

Author: Klaus Keimel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1992-05-06

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9783540554455

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book presents a unified approach to Korovkin-type approximation theorems. It includes classical material on the approximation of real-valuedfunctions as well as recent and new results on set-valued functions and stochastic processes, and on weighted approximation. The results are notonly of qualitative nature, but include quantitative bounds on the order of approximation. The book is addressed to researchers in functional analysis and approximation theory as well as to those that want to applythese methods in other fields. It is largely self- contained, but the readershould have a solid background in abstract functional analysis. The unified approach is based on a new notion of locally convex ordered cones that are not embeddable in vector spaces but allow Hahn-Banach type separation and extension theorems. This concept seems to be of independent interest.


Real Algebraic Geometry

Real Algebraic Geometry

Author: Jacek Bochnak

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 429

ISBN-13: 3662037181

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The present volume is a translation, revision and updating of our book (pub lished in French) with the title "Geometrie Algebrique Reelle". Since its pub lication in 1987 the theory has made advances in several directions. There have also been new insights into material already in the French edition. Many of these advances and insights have been incorporated in this English version of the book, so that it may be viewed as being substantially different from the original. We wish to thank Michael Buchner for his careful reading of the text and for his linguistic corrections and stylistic improvements. The initial Jb. TEiX file was prepared by Thierry van Effelterre. The three authors participate in the European research network "Real Algebraic and Analytic Geometry". The first author was partially supported by NATO Collaborative Research Grant 960011. Jacek Bochnak April 1998 Michel Coste Marie-Pranroise Roy Table of Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Ordered Fields, Real Closed Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 1 Ordered Fields, Real Fields . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 2 Real Closed Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. 3 Real Closure of an Ordered Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. 4 The Tarski-Seidenberg Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. Semi-algebraic Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. 1 Algebraic and Semi-algebraic Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. 2 Projection of Semi-algebraic Sets. Semi-algebraic Mappings. . 26 2. 3 Decomposition of Semi-algebraic Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2. 4 Connectedness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2. 5 Closed and Bounded Semi-algebraic Sets. Curve-selection Lemma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2. 6 Continuous Semi-algebraic Functions. Lojasiewicz's Inequality 42 2. 7 Separation of Closed Semi-algebraic Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Recent Advances in Real Algebraic Geometry and Quadratic Forms

Recent Advances in Real Algebraic Geometry and Quadratic Forms

Author: Bill Jacob

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 0821851543

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The papers collected here present an up-to-date record of the current research developments in the fields of real algebraic geometry and quadratic forms. Articles range from the technical to the expository and there are also indications to new research directions.


Lie Algebras and Lie Groups

Lie Algebras and Lie Groups

Author: Jean-Pierre Serre

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2009-02-07

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 3540706348

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The main general theorems on Lie Algebras are covered, roughly the content of Bourbaki's Chapter I.I have added some results on free Lie algebras, which are useful, both for Lie's theory itself (Campbell-Hausdorff formula) and for applications to pro-Jrgroups. of time prevented me from including the more precise theory of Lack semisimple Lie algebras (roots, weights, etc.); but, at least, I have given, as a last Chapter, the typical case ofal, . This part has been written with the help of F. Raggi and J. Tate. I want to thank them, and also Sue Golan, who did the typing for both parts. Jean-Pierre Serre Harvard, Fall 1964 Chapter I. Lie Algebras: Definition and Examples Let Ie be a commutativering with unit element, and let A be a k-module, then A is said to be a Ie-algebra if there is given a k-bilinear map A x A~ A (i.e., a k-homomorphism A0" A -+ A). As usual we may define left, right and two-sided ideals and therefore quo tients. Definition 1. A Lie algebra over Ie isan algebrawith the following properties: 1). The map A0i A -+ A admits a factorization A ®i A -+ A2A -+ A i.e., ifwe denote the imageof(x, y) under this map by [x, y) then the condition becomes for all x e k. [x, x)=0 2). (lx, II], z]+ny, z), x) + ([z, xl, til = 0 (Jacobi's identity) The condition 1) implies [x,1/]=-[1/, x).