Wage labour in modern society

Wage labour in modern society

Author: Andreas N. Lytras

Publisher: Papazisis Publishers

Published: 2016-02-23

Total Pages: 231

ISBN-13: 9600231966

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This elaboration is a political analysis within sociological theory. The study has as subject the main propositions of a theoretical framework on the current structure of employment and on the question of the abolition of (the dependent and therefore) wage labour. I note that the latter does not have, as a precondition, the overcoming of capitalism. The analysis, in the form of an intellectual test, examines the methods and the thoroughness of enforcing the new situation of a single work status within the economic activity. This type of labour has morphological similarities to self-employment or otherwise to the own account workers. The basic starting point of the study is the finding that many enterprises worldwide have, already and in many of the aspects of production and business organization, overcome the functions and the classical forms of utilization of wage labour. The creation of working groups, the work from a distance, the instances of self-management, along with the extensive use of part-time workers or workers in various flexible work statuses, the cooperation with independent professionals, through outsourcing, communicates with the changes in the old type of enterprise’s management. However, wage labour is retained as an obsession. The economic need for such maintenance, beyond the habit, can hardly be explained. The only remaining reason might be the need for entrepreneurs to command directly large groups of people, while their economic interests pushing in other directions. The survey, at a glance, examines the following issues: i) Major theoretical approaches and debates on the characteristics of capitalist society and the consolidation of wage labour, ii) The evolution of the division of labour and the industrial changes during ninetieth and twentieth century, iii) The realities of employment, through empirical data, in six groups of countries, worldwide, iv) The evidences of the real overcoming of wage labour, through the mainstreaming strategies of the contemporary enterprises, despite the maintaining of the typical form of wage dependency, v) The elaboration on the transformation of the model of employment under the process for the imposition of autonomous labour and the abolition of wage status, through the political and finally the legal interference, in the modern state, vi) The consideration on the pattern of the social structure, which could be formed, during the evolution and after the end of the previous project, and vii) The importance of the procedure to the social and political system. In the final analysis, there is an important suggestion: The autonomous worker would be in equilibrium with the status of citizen. A wage labourer has never had a similar balance. Especially when he was under the authority of an employer during the hours of work he was not, exactly, a citizen. We owe the restoration of social and political equilibrium because of the faith in our civilization. Freedom, work autonomy and democracy are the only limitations.


Global Wage Report 2020-21

Global Wage Report 2020-21

Author: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE.

Publisher:

Published: 2020-12-02

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789220319482

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This ILO flagship report examines the evolution of real wages around the world, giving a unique picture of wage trends globally and by region. The 2020-21 edition analyses the relationship of minimum wages and inequality, as well as the wage impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The 2020-21 edition also reviews minimum wage systems across the world and identifies the conditions under which minimum wages can reduce inequality. The report presents comprehensive data on levels of minimum wages, their effectiveness, and the number and characteristics of workers paid at or below the minimum. The report highlights how adequate minimum wages, statutory or negotiated, can play a key role in a human-centred recovery from the crisis


Wages, Price and Profit

Wages, Price and Profit

Author: Karl Marx

Publisher: Good Press

Published: 2021-04-10

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13:

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"Wage-Labour and Capital" was derived from Marx's lectures to the German Workmen's Club of Brussels in 1847, during a period of great political upheaval. The relationship between wage labor and capital is a central concept in Marx's political economy analysis. This book is essential for understanding the evolution of Marxist theory.


The Division of Labor in Society

The Division of Labor in Society

Author: Émile Durkheim

Publisher: Digireads.com

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781420948561

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mile Durkheim is often referred to as the father of sociology. Along with Karl Marx and Max Weber he was a principal architect of modern social science and whose contribution helped established it as an academic discipline. "The Division of Labor in Society," published in 1893, was his first major contribution to the field and arguably one his most important. In this work Durkheim discusses the construction of social order in modern societies, which he argues arises out of two essential forms of solidarity, mechanical and organic. Durkheim further examines how this social order has changed over time from more primitive societies to advanced industrial ones. Unlike Marx, Durkheim does not argue that class conflict is inherent to the modern Capitalistic society. The division of labor is an essential component to the practice of the modern capitalistic system due to the increased economic efficiency that can arise out of specialization; however Durkheim acknowledges that increased specialization does not serve all interests equally well. This important and foundational work is a must read for all students of sociology and economic philosophy.


Choice

Choice

Author: Robert P. Murphy

Publisher: Independent Institute

Published: 2015-07-01

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 1598132199

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Human Action—a treatise on laissez-faire capitalism by Ludwig von Mises—is a historically important and classic publication on economics, and yet it can be an intimidating work due to its length and formal style. Choice: Cooperation, Enterprise, and Human Action, however, skillfully relays the main insights from Human Action in a style that will resonate with modern readers. The book assumes no prior knowledge in economics or other fields, and, when necessary, it provides the historical and scholarly context necessary to explain the contribution Mises makes on a particular issue. To faithfully reproduce the material in Human Action, this work mirrors its basic structure, providing readers with an enjoyable and educational introduction to the life's work of one of history's most important economists.


Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Exploitation

Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Exploitation

Author: Ernesto Screpanti

Publisher: Open Book Publishers

Published: 2019-10-09

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13: 178374782X

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In this book Ernesto Screpanti provides a rigorous examination of Marx’s theory of exploitation, one of the cornerstones of Marxist thought. With precision and clarity, he identifies the holes in traditional readings of Marx’s theory before advancing his own original interpretation, drawing on contemporary philosophy and economic theory to provide a refreshingly interdisciplinary exegesis. Screpanti’s arguments are delivered with perspicuity and verve: this is a book that aims to spark a debate. He exposes ambiguities present in Marx’s exposition of his own theory, especially when dealing with the employment contract and the notions of ‘abstract labor’ and ‘labor value’, and he argues that these ambiguities have given rise to misunderstandings in previous analyses of Marx’s theory of exploitation. Screpanti’s own interpretation is a meticulously argued counterpoint to these traditional interpretations. Labour and Value is a significant contribution to the theory of economics, particularly Marxist economics. It will also be of great interest to scholars in other disciplines including sociology, political science, and moral and political philosophy. Screpanti’s clear and engaging writing style will attract the interested general reader as well as the academic theorist.


Wage-Led Growth

Wage-Led Growth

Author: Engelbert Stockhammer

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-12-03

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 1137357932

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This volume seeks to go beyond the microeconomic view of wages as a cost having negative consequences on a given firm, to consider the positive macroeconomic dynamics associated with wages as a major component of aggregate demand.


Wage Labour in Southeast Asia Since 1840

Wage Labour in Southeast Asia Since 1840

Author: A. Kaur

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2004-03-09

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0230511139

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Amarjit Kaur examines wage labour's role in economic growth and change in Southeast Asia since 1840. Her study focuses on globalization; the international division of labour and how transnational economic processes shaped and continue to shape labour systems. There are five main themes - labour processes, migration and labour systems; labour circulation or mobility; the gendered nature of labour relations; and, class consciousness, worker organization and labour standards. A wide-ranging study which will be of great interest to historians, economists and Asia specialists.


Classical Sociological Theory

Classical Sociological Theory

Author: Craig Calhoun

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-01-17

Total Pages: 578

ISBN-13: 0470655674

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This comprehensive collection of classical sociological theory is a definitive guide to the roots of sociology from its undisciplined beginnings to its current influence on contemporary sociological debate. Explores influential works of Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Mead, Simmel, Freud, Du Bois, Adorno, Marcuse, Parsons, and Merton Editorial introductions lend historical and intellectual perspective to the substantial readings Includes a new section with new readings on the immediate "pre-history" of sociological theory, including the Enlightenment and de Tocqueville Individual reading selections are updated throughout


Labor's Love Lost

Labor's Love Lost

Author: Andrew J. Cherlin

Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation

Published: 2014-12-04

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 1610448448

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Two generations ago, young men and women with only a high-school degree would have entered the plentiful industrial occupations which then sustained the middle-class ideal of a male-breadwinner family. Such jobs have all but vanished over the past forty years, and in their absence ever-growing numbers of young adults now hold precarious, low-paid jobs with few fringe benefits. Facing such insecure economic prospects, less-educated young adults are increasingly forgoing marriage and are having children within unstable cohabiting relationships. This has created a large marriage gap between them and their more affluent, college-educated peers. In Labor’s Love Lost, noted sociologist Andrew Cherlin offers a new historical assessment of the rise and fall of working-class families in America, demonstrating how momentous social and economic transformations have contributed to the collapse of this once-stable social class and what this seismic cultural shift means for the nation’s future. Drawing from more than a hundred years of census data, Cherlin documents how today’s marriage gap mirrors that of the Gilded Age of the late-nineteenth century, a time of high inequality much like our own. Cherlin demonstrates that the widespread prosperity of working-class families in the mid-twentieth century, when both income inequality and the marriage gap were low, is the true outlier in the history of the American family. In fact, changes in the economy, culture, and family formation in recent decades have been so great that Cherlin suggests that the working-class family pattern has largely disappeared. Labor's Love Lost shows that the primary problem of the fall of the working-class family from its mid-twentieth century peak is not that the male-breadwinner family has declined, but that nothing stable has replaced it. The breakdown of a stable family structure has serious consequences for low-income families, particularly for children, many of whom underperform in school, thereby reducing their future employment prospects and perpetuating an intergenerational cycle of economic disadvantage. To address this disparity, Cherlin recommends policies to foster educational opportunities for children and adolescents from disadvantaged families. He also stresses the need for labor market interventions, such as subsidizing low wages through tax credits and raising the minimum wage. Labor's Love Lost provides a compelling analysis of the historical dynamics and ramifications of the growing number of young adults disconnected from steady, decent-paying jobs and from marriage. Cherlin’s investigation of today’s “would-be working class” shines a much-needed spotlight on the struggling middle of our society in today’s new Gilded Age.