Man in Isolation and Confinement
Man in Isolation and Confinement

Author: John E. Rasmussen

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-12

Total Pages: 529

ISBN-13: 1351507486

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This book focuses on those special circumstances in which men (alone or in groups) are isolated or confined for periods of time long enough to affect the way in which they think and behave. Active research in these phenomena initially grew out of a concern about prisoners of war in Korea and the presumed effects of "brainwashing," but this interest has been augmented by the technological advances that have allowed men to enter into isolation situations previously unattainable--in outer space, under the sea, on the face of the moon, or in remote places on the earth's surface. For the scientist himself, applications of the knowledge derived from these special situations is obvious. The variety of ways in which the search may be carried on, in both the laboratory and "real-life" situations, is amply illustrated in the approaches as well as the settings for research that are reviewed in this volume. This book represents the first attempt to cover the total spectrum of isolation and confinement in one volume. The chapters are arranged so as to begin with study of the individual, proceed through artificial and natural groups, and conclude with broad ecological and taxonomic considerations. Each chapter of the book has its own unique form; however, they have been planned and written to address a single central theme--that increased understanding of this important social phenomenon depends upon a spectrum of conceptual and methodological strategy, and on a continuing interplay between basic and applied research. The contributors are among the world's recognized experts in the area, and because of its breadth, the book constitutes an unusually complete reference to contemporary research on isolation. The volume has implications for urban planning and for space and undersea programs, and will be useful for teachers and students of applied social and behavioral science.

The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization
The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization

Author: Johan Wagemans

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2015-08-21

Total Pages: 1121

ISBN-13: 0191510475

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Perceptual organization comprises a wide range of processes such as perceptual grouping, figure-ground organization, filling-in, completion, perceptual switching, etc. Such processes are most notable in the context of shape perception but they also play a role in texture perception, lightness perception, color perception, motion perception, depth perception, etc. Perceptual organization deals with a variety of perceptual phenomena of central interest, studied from many different perspectives, including psychophysics, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and computational modeling. Given its central importance in phenomenal experience, perceptual organization has also figured prominently in classic Gestalt writings on the topic, touching upon deep philosophical issues regarding mind-brain relationships and consciousness. In addition, it attracts a great deal of interest from people working in applied areas like visual art, design, architecture, music, and so forth. The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization provides a broad and extensive review of the current literature, written in an accessible form for scholars and students. With chapter written by leading researchers in the field, this is the state-of-the-art reference work on this topic, and will be so for many years to come.

Superior Memory
Superior Memory

Author: Elizabeth Valentine

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2013-06-20

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 1134836015

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This book examines the nature and causal antecedents of superior memory performance. The main theme is that such performance may depend on either specific memory techniques or natural superiority in the efficiency of one or more memory processes. Chapter 2 surveys current views about the structure of memory and discusses whether common processes can be identified which might underlie general variation in memory ability, or whether distinct memory subsystems exist, the efficiency of which varies independently of each other. Chapter 3 provides a comprehensive survey of existing evidence on superior memory performance. It examines techniques which underlie many examples of unusual memory performance, and concludes that not all this evidence is explicable in terms of such techniques. Relations between memory ability and other cognitive processes are also discussed. The remainder of the book describes the authors' own studies of a dozen memory experts, employing a wide variety of short- and long-term memory tasks. These studies provide a much larger body of data than previously available from studies of single individuals, usually restricted to a narrow range of tasks and rarely involving any systematic study of long-term retention. The authors argue that in some cases unusual memory ability is not dependent on the use of special techniques. They develop some objective criteria for distinguishing between subjects who demonstrate "natural" superiority and those "strategists" who depend on techniques. Natural superiority was characterised by superior performance on a wider range of tasks and better long-term retention. The existence of a general memory ability was further supported by a factor analysis of data from all subjects, omitting those who described highly-practised techniques. This analysis also demonstrated the independence of initial encoding and retention processes. The monograph raises many interesting questions concerning the existence and nature of individual differences in memory ability (a previously neglected topic), their relation to other cognitive processes and implications for theories concerning the structure of memory.

A Taxonomy of Visual Processes
A Taxonomy of Visual Processes

Author: William R. Uttal

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2014-06-27

Total Pages: 1122

ISBN-13: 1317668952

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Originally published in 1981, this third volume deals with the empirical data base and the theories concerning visual perception – the set of mental responses to photic stimulation of the eyes. As the book develops, the plan was to present a general taxonomy of visual processes and phenomena. It was hoped that such a general perspective would help to bring some order to the extensive, but largely unorganized, research literature dealing with our immediate perceptual responses to visual stimuli at the time. The specific goal of this work was to provide a classification system that integrates and systematizes the data base of perceptual psychology into a comprehensive intellectual scheme by means of an eclectic, multi-level metatheory invoking several different kinds of explanation.

Index of NLM Serial Titles
Index of NLM Serial Titles

Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 1118

ISBN-13:

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A keyword listing of serial titles currently received by the National Library of Medicine.

Social Psychology
Social Psychology

Author: Paul Dickerson

Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited

Published: 2024-04-19

Total Pages: 858

ISBN-13: 1529679788

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This thoroughly updated second edition of Social Psychology addresses pressing topics such as climate change activism, digital technology, pandemics and AI. With three new chapters on group behaviour, culture and social cognition, this edition engages in even more detail with both classic and contemporary approaches and draws on a wider range of critical perspectives. Through accessible, section-by-section critiques, a vibrant sense of relevance, debate and new possibilities are brought to the world of social psychology. As you read this book, you will be guided by a range of chapter activities that promote deeper learning, including: "In the news" boxes, which highlight the relevance of social psychology to today’s world Critical review summaries, which evaluate the literature covered Focus boxes, to highlight classic and contemporary research studies "Try it out" boxes, which contain short activities, questions or reflection prompts Definitions boxes, to remind you of key terms and their meanings Review questions, to check your understanding "In a nutshell" - bite-sized summaries of the ideas covered in each chapter And more... This essential resource is a must-have for students who want to go beyond a superficial awareness of names and theories to develop a deep, critical understanding of social psychology and its relevance to the real world. Paul Dickerson is Associate Professor of Psychology at University of Roehampton, London.