Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Buildings
Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Author: Matthew R Hall

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2010-04-21

Total Pages: 761

ISBN-13: 1845699270

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Almost half of the total energy produced in the developed world is inefficiently used to heat, cool, ventilate and control humidity in buildings, to meet the increasingly high thermal comfort levels demanded by occupants. The utilisation of advanced materials and passive technologies in buildings would substantially reduce the energy demand and improve the environmental impact and carbon footprint of building stock worldwide. Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings critically reviews the advanced building materials applicable for improving the built environment. Part one reviews both fundamental building physics and occupant comfort in buildings, from heat and mass transport, hygrothermal behaviour, and ventilation, on to thermal comfort and health and safety requirements. Part two details the development of advanced materials and sustainable technologies for application in buildings, beginning with a review of lifecycle assessment and environmental profiling of materials. The section moves on to review thermal insulation materials, materials for heat and moisture control, and heat energy storage and passive cooling technologies. Part two concludes with coverage of modern methods of construction, roofing design and technology, and benchmarking of façades for optimised building thermal performance. Finally, Part three reviews the application of advanced materials, design and technologies in a range of existing and new building types, including domestic, commercial and high-performance buildings, and buildings in hot and tropical climates. This book is of particular use to, mechanical, electrical and HVAC engineers, architects and low-energy building practitioners worldwide, as well as to academics and researchers in the fields of building physics, civil and building engineering, and materials science. Explores improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort through material selection and sustainable technologies Documents the development of advanced materials and sustainable technologies for applications in building design and construction Examines fundamental building physics and occupant comfort in buildings featuring heat and mass transport, hygrothermal behaviour and ventilation

Thermal Comfort Conditions and Energy Efficiency of Buildings
Thermal Comfort Conditions and Energy Efficiency of Buildings

Author: Shivraj Dhaka

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 9783848499083

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Performance of buildings depends upon building envelope, Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning system, lighting system, and Domestic Hot Water services. This book gives idea to improve indoor thermal environmental conditions by implementing Buildings Codes such as Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and ASHRAE 90.1 Standard. Building consumes about 40% of total energy and therefore it is a need of time to improve their efficiency by employing codes and others measures/techniques. Code compliance Building consume less than 40% of energy compare to conventional practiced buildings. Thermal adaptation itself offer additional savings of about 16% in small buildings and it reduces as increase in building footprint and internal load of the building.

Intelligent Building Control Systems
Intelligent Building Control Systems

Author: John T. Wen

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-12-04

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 3319684620

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Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.

Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Principles and Practice
Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Principles and Practice

Author: Fergus Nicol

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-03-15

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1136336478

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The fundamental function of buildings is to provide safe and healthy shelter. For the fortunate they also provide comfort and delight. In the twentieth century comfort became a 'product' produced by machines and run on cheap energy. In a world where fossil fuels are becoming ever scarcer and more expensive, and the climate more extreme, the challenge of designing comfortable buildings today requires a new approach. This timely book is the first in a trilogy from leaders in the field which will provide just that. It explains, in a clear and comprehensible manner, how we stay comfortable by using our bodies, minds, buildings and their systems to adapt to indoor and outdoor conditions which change with the weather and the climate. The book is in two sections. The first introduces the principles on which the theory of adaptive thermal comfort is based. The second explains how to use field studies to measure thermal comfort in practice and to analyze the data gathered. Architects have gradually passed responsibility for building performance to service engineers who are largely trained to see comfort as the ‘product’, designed using simplistic comfort models. The result has contributed to a shift to buildings that use ever more energy. A growing international consensus now calls for low-energy buildings. This means designers must first produce robust, passive structures that provide occupants with many opportunities to make changes to suit their environmental needs. Ventilation using free, natural energy should be preferred and mechanical conditioning only used when the climate demands it. This book outlines the theory of adaptive thermal comfort that is essential to understand and inform such building designs. This book should be required reading for all students, teachers and practitioners of architecture, building engineering and management – for all who have a role in producing, and occupying, twenty-first century adaptive, low-carbon, comfortable buildings.

Thermal Delight in Architecture
Thermal Delight in Architecture

Author: Lisa Heschong

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1979-12-05

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 9780262580397

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Our thermal environment is as rich in cultural associations as our visual, acoustic, olfactory, and tactile environments. This book explores the potential for using thermal qualities as an expressive element in building design. Until quite recently, building technology and design has favored high-energy-consuming mechanical methods of neutralizing the thermal environment. It has not responded to the various ways that people use, remember, and care about the thermal environment and how they associate their thermal sense with their other senses. The hearth fire, the sauna, the Roman and Japanese baths, and the Islamic garden are discussed as archetypes of thermal delight about which rituals have developed—reinforcing bonds of affection and ceremony forged in the thermal experience. Not only is thermal symbolism now obsolete but the modern emphasis on central heating systems and air conditioning and hermetically sealed buildings has actually damaged our thermal coping and sensing mechanisms. This book for the solar age could help change all that and open up for us a new dimension of architectural experience. As the cost of energy continues to skyrocket, alternatives to the use of mechanical force must be developed to meet our thermal needs. A major alternative is the use of passive solar energy, and the book will provide those interested in solar design with a reservoir of ideas.

Building in Hot and Humid Regions
Building in Hot and Humid Regions

Author: Napoleon Enteria

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-04-26

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 9811375194

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This book presents an in-depth analysis covering climatic and weather conditions, house and building development history, construction methods and technologies, and environmental conditions. It provides relevant house and building information and highlights recent advances in hot and humid regions, as well as developments in other regions that are relevant to hot and humid climates. The countries in hot and humid regions, which include the tropical countries, the Middle Eastern countries around the Mediterranean, and many countries of Central Asia and Africa, are home to some of the most challenging conditions in the world in terms of house and building design and construction, and in terms of maintaining indoor thermal comfort and air quality in an energy-efficient way. The book’s respective chapters, prepared by expert contributors, cover essential concepts, designs, and construction methodologies for houses and commercial buildings. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in architecture and engineering, house and building designers, and building sciences researchers. Building contractors, manufacturers and distributors of building equipment and devices, and government policymakers and legislators will also benefit from the information provided in this book.

Adaptive Thermal Comfort of Indoor Environment for Residential Buildings
Adaptive Thermal Comfort of Indoor Environment for Residential Buildings

Author: David Bienvenido-Huertas

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-31

Total Pages: 79

ISBN-13: 9811609063

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This book is structured in four parts: First, it analyzes the sustainability objectives established for the building stock and the importance of thermal comfort in this aspect. Second, the existing adaptive thermal comfort models and the main energy-saving measures associated with these models are analyzed. Third, the energy savings obtained with these measures are analyzed in several case studies, comparing the results obtained with other energy conservation measures, such as the improvement of the façade. The analysis is carried out from an energy and economic perspective. Finally, a decision‐making process based on fuzzy logic is established. As an expected result, the content of the book contributes to assist architects in designing more efficient buildings from the perspective of user behavior.

Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing
Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing

Author: Akhtar Kalam

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-10-27

Total Pages: 808

ISBN-13: 9811047650

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This book is a compilation of research work in the interdisciplinary areas of electronics, communication, and computing. This book is specifically targeted at students, research scholars and academicians. The book covers the different approaches and techniques for specific applications, such as particle-swarm optimization, Otsu’s function and harmony search optimization algorithm, triple gate silicon on insulator (SOI)MOSFET, micro-Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, high-k dielectric gate oxide, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, microstrip antenna, Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with conducting surfaces, and digital image forgery detection. The contents of the book will be useful to academic and professional researchers alike.

Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Buildings
Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Author: M. Hall

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-05-27

Total Pages: 732

ISBN-13: 9781439829707

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A review of advanced materials and sustainable technologies for applicable for improving the building environment, this book examines fundamental building physics and occupant comfort, from heat and mass transport, hygrothermal behavior, and ventilation, on the thermal comfort and health and safety requirements. It details the development of advanced materials and sustainable technologies and covers modern methods of construction, roofing design and technology, and benchmarking of façades for optimized building thermal performance. The book also covers the use of advanced materials, design, and technologies on a range of existing and new building types.

Energy and Thermal Time Constant in Buildings
Energy and Thermal Time Constant in Buildings

Author: Joseph Nowarski

Publisher: Joseph Nowarski

Published: 2016-05-02

Total Pages: 45

ISBN-13:

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Design of building's exterior walls has important influence on energy consumption, building cost and thermal comfort. It influences also heating and cooling devices size. Optimization of energy consumption of the building requires consideration of the building materials, their thickness and mass, type and thickness of insulation, and location of the insulation layer. The correct way to optimize all the above parameters is calculation of temperatures and energy consumption in dynamic process, which means considering changes every few seconds. This may be done only with computer program. It is not easy to gain expertise on such programs. In addition, submission of input values to the program is time consuming and frustrating process, which in many times ends with errors. This work analyses if the Thermal Time Constant method may be applied to determine energy quality of the building as an alternative to the dynamic simulation program. The Thermal Time Constant method is much easier, simpler and faster than computer dynamic simulation program. Few examples of exterior wall design were selected to calculate the energy consumption and room temperatures. Two locations were selected for the calculations, one with moderate summer and the second with moderate winter. The dedicated dynamic simulation computer program was applied to gain data regarding the energy consumption, maximum and average room temperatures for south facing room and for north facing room at each location. Thermal Time Constant reflects the thermal inertia and thermal mass of the building. Higher Thermal Time Constant (TTC) moderates the difference between day and night in the room, flattening the room temperatures extremes caused by ambient temperature and solar energy. Higher TTC is not necessary more expensive. To take advantage of high TTC is not so the question of additional investment, but the question of understanding the TTC concept. In some cases consideration of TTC caused changes to the building's design and construction technique, bringing benefits to the contractor, to the tenants and to the national economy. Disregarding TTC leads to wrong decisions, wrong design, waste of money for building's construction and increased energy consumption.