Theorizing Justice in Contemporary Arabo-Islamic Philosophy
Theorizing Justice in Contemporary Arabo-Islamic Philosophy

Author: Kaouther Karoui

Publisher: transcript Verlag

Published: 2023-11-30

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 3839465516

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What is »justice« from the perspective of contemporary Arabo-Islamic philosophy? Kaouther Karoui takes a transcultural approach, open to different philosophical traditions, and seeks to decenter Western notions of normativity. She focuses on two thinkers, namely the feminist Fatima Mernissi (d.2015) and Mohammed Arkoun (d.2010), a well-known critic of hegemony and orthodoxy. She situates their thinking within current debates among Arab thinkers and brings their ideas into dialog with Western political philosophy. This study thus challenges stereotypes about the Arab-Islamic world by discussing postcolonial theories of gender justice, political freedom, and religion.

Arab-Islamic Philosophy
Arab-Islamic Philosophy

Author: Muḥammad ʻĀbid Jābirī

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13: 9780292704800

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The distinguished Moroccan philosopher Mohammed Abed al-Jabri, in this summary of his own work, examines the status of Arab thought in the late twentieth century. Al-Jabri rejects what he calls the current polarization of Arab thought between an imported modernism that disregards Arab tradition and a fundamentalism that would reconstruct the present in the image of an idealized past. Both past and present intellectual currents are examined. Al-Jabri first questions the current philosophical positions of the liberals, the Marxists, and the fundamentalists. Then he turns to history, exploring Arab philosophy in the tenth and twelfth centuries, a time of political and ideological struggle. In the writings of Ibn Hazm and Averroës, he identifies the beginnings of Arab rationalism, a rationalism he traces through the innovative fourteenth­century work of Ibn Khaldun. Al-Jabri offers both Western readers and his own compatriots a radical new approach to Arab thought, one that finds in the past the roots of an open, critical rationalism which he sees as emerging in the Arab world today.

The Right to Justification
The Right to Justification

Author: Rainer Forst

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 0231147082

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Contemporary philosophical pluralism recognizes the inevitability and legitimacy of multiple ethical perspectives and values, making it difficult to isolate the higher-order principles on which to base a theory of justice. Rising up to meet this challenge, Rainer Forst, a leading member of the Frankfurt School's newest generation of philosophers, conceives of an "autonomous" construction of justice founded on what he calls the basic moral right to justification. Forst begins by identifying this right from the perspective of moral philosophy. Then, through an innovative, detailed critical analysis, he ties together the central components of social and political justice--freedom, democracy, equality, and toleration--and joins them to the right to justification. The resulting theory treats "justificatory power" as the central question of justice, and by adopting this approach, Forst argues, we can discursively work out, or "construct," principles of justice, especially with respect to transnational justice and human rights issues. As he builds his theory, Forst engages with the work of Anglo-American philosophers such as John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, and Amartya Sen, and critical theorists such as Jürgen Habermas, Nancy Fraser, and Axel Honneth. Straddling multiple subjects, from politics and law to social protest and philosophical conceptions of practical reason, Forst brilliantly gathers contesting claims around a single, elastic theory of justice.

The Anthropology of Justice
The Anthropology of Justice

Author: Lawrence Rosen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1989-06-15

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13: 9780521367400

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Law has often been seen as a relatively autonomous domain, one in which a professional elite sharply control the impact of broader social relations and cultural concepts. By contrast this study asserts that the analysis of legal systems, like the analysis of social systems generally, requires an understanding of the concepts and relationships encountered in everyday social life. Using as its substantive base the Islamic law courts of Morocco, the study explores the cultural basis of judicial discretion. From the proposition that in Arabic culture relationships are subject to considerable negotiation the idea is developed that the shaping of facts in a court of law, the use of local experts, and the organization of the judicial structure all contribute to the reliance on local concepts and personnel to inform the range of judicial discretion. By drawing comparisons with the exercise of judicial discretion in America the study demonstrates that cultural concepts deeply inform the evaluation of issues and the shapes of a judge's decision. The Anthropology of Justice is not only the first full-scale study of the actual operations of the actual operations of a modern Islamic law court anywhere in the Arab world but a demonstration of the theoretical basis on which a cultural analysis of the law may be founded.

World of Image in Islamic Philosophy
World of Image in Islamic Philosophy

Author: van Lit L. W. C. van Lit

Publisher: Edinburgh University Press

Published: 2017-04-01

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 1474415873

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One of the most controversial issues that divided Islamic philosophers and theologians during the Middle Ages was whether human beings would have a spiritual or bodily existence after death. The idea of a world of image was conceived as a solution, suggesting that there exists a world of non-physical (imagined) bodies, beyond our earthly existence. This world may be reached in sleep, in meditation or after death.From the embryonic conception by Ibn Sina, to the radical rethinking by Suhrawardi and Shahrazuri into a sophisticated system, L. W. C. van Lit unravels the history of this idea. Using a distant reading approach for measuring the transmission, he further shows how the idea remained relevant for Muslim thinkers through the centuries, up until today.

Ethical Challenges of Organ Transplantation
Ethical Challenges of Organ Transplantation

Author: Solveig Lena Hansen

Publisher: transcript Verlag

Published: 2021-09-30

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 3839446430

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This collection features comprehensive overviews of the various ethical challenges in organ transplantation. International readings well-grounded in the latest developments in the life sciences are organized into systematic sections and engage with one another, offering complementary views. All core issues in the global ethical debate are covered: donating and procuring organs, allocating and receiving organs, as well as considering alternatives. Due to its systematic structure, the volume provides an excellent orientation for researchers, students, and practitioners alike to enable a deeper understanding of some of the most controversial issues in modern medicine.

Theories of Distributive Justice
Theories of Distributive Justice

Author: John E. Roemer

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 358

ISBN-13: 9780674879201

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John Roemer has written a unique book that critiques economists' conceptions of justice from a philosophical perspective and philosophical theories of distributive justice from an economic one.

Thinking the Problematic
Thinking the Problematic

Author: Erich Hörl

Publisher: Transcript Verlag, Roswitha Gost, Sigrid Nokel u. Dr. Karin Werner

Published: 2020-04

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 9783837646405

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This book explores central scenes and conceptual elaborations of what historically has been called "the problem" or "the problematic." The chapters contextualize the (re-)arising of this notion within the history of power and knowledge since the late nineteenth century, leading up to today's neocybernetic fascination with control and generalized management ideas which form a constitutive part of the power/knowledge complex of environmentality. By way of considering modes of problematization as modes of inhabitation, the volume maps its current conceptual-political uses as well as onto-epistemological challenges. Thus, "problematization" is positioned as a critical concept.

The Idea of Justice
The Idea of Justice

Author: Amartya Sen

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2011-05-31

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 0674060474

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Presents an analysis of what justice is, the transcendental theory of justice and its drawbacks, and a persuasive argument for a comparative perspective on justice that can guide us in the choice between alternatives.

Islamic Ethics
Islamic Ethics

Author: Mariam al-Attar

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2010-04-05

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 1136996419

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This book explores philosophical ethics in Arabo-Islamic thought. Examining the meaning, origin and development of "Divine Command Theory", it underscores the philosophical bases of religious fundamentalism that hinder social development and hamper dialogue between different cultures and nations. Challenging traditional stereotypes of Islam, the book refutes contemporary claims that Islam is a defining case of ethical voluntarism, and that the prominent theory in Islamic ethical thought is Divine Command Theory. The author argues that, in fact, early Arab-Islamic scholars articulated moral theories: theories of value and theories of obligation. She traces the development of Arabo-Islamic ethics from the early Islamic theological and political debates between the Kharijites and the Murji’ites, shedding new light on the moral theory of Abd al-Jabbar al-Mu’tazili and the effects of this moral theory on post-Mu’tazilite ethical thought. Highlighting important aspects in the development of Islamic thought, this book will appeal to students and scholars of Islamic moral thought and ethics, Islamic law, and religious fundamentalism.