Species, formae speciales, and strains. Predisposing and age-conditioned influences on susceptibility. Sporulation. Infection. The biotic and physiological components of pathogenesis. Survival and overseasoning. Dispersal. The effect of weather on epidemics. Forecasters, simulators, and control. Crop and yield losses. Resistance and breeding. Alternaria pathogens and diseases. The hypothesis of ecological and physiological affinities between pthogenic alternarias.
This book deals with the various aspects viz., the disease, geographical distribution, symptoms on different hosts, host range, yield losses, and disease assessment method, while detailed description on pathogen include taxonomic position, phylogeny, variability, sporulation, perpetuation, and spore germination, host-parasite interactions in the form of seed infection, disease cycle, process of infection, and pathogenesis, epidemiology, forecasting, fine structures, biochemical changes, and phytotoxins, host defence mechanism, techniques to study host-parasite relationships, and management practices including cultural, chemical, biological control practices, and deployment of host resistance. The last section deals with gaps in our understanding, and knowledge about management of these diseases, techniques for the diagnosis of disease and offer suggestions for future research priorities. Each aspect has been vividly illustrated with photographs, histograms, figures, tables, electron micrographs for stimulating, effective and easy reading and understanding. We are sure that this comprehensive encyclopaedic treatise on "Alternaria diseases of crucifers” will be of immense use to the researchers, teachers, students and all others who are interested in the diagnosis and management of Alternaria diseases of crucifers world over. Four species of Alternaria are wide spread and most devastating on cruciferous oil yielding crops, vegetables, forage crops, ornamental plants, and numerous weeds all over the world. The damage to the plants is in the form of infections on seed in the soil during sowing, on seedlings during emergence and growth, on stem, leaves, inflorescence, pods and finally to the seed causing yield losses in seed quantity and quality.
Fungi of the genus Alternaria possess very intriguing characteristics. They are some of the most cosmopolitan in terms of both their biological environments, and as agricultural commodities. Some pathotypes of Alternaria produce host specific toxins, while numerous metabolites have been found to be toxic to humans and animals and as such are important food and feed contaminants of a significance not yet properly elucidated. This volume has been divided into two parts. In Part I, questions are presented regarding Alternaria ecology, nomenclature, identification, most important plant diseases and methods of their control. Important physico-chemical and biological properties, toxicology and biosynthesis of Alternaria metabolites are described in Part II. need to develop a more unified system of nomenclature within the genus. Alternaria infect numerous plant species and nearly all plant species of importance are recorded here. Examples of the most economically important diseases of such plants as cotton, vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes, carrot and linseed are reviewed in detail. Epidemiology questions are described and most advanced research on the significance of host-specific Alternaria toxins in plant diseases is reviewed. Part II elucidates the important characteristics of Alternaria metabolites; their structures, spectra, producers, and biological properties. Over 70 Alternaria metabolites of diverse structure and biological activity are known. Most of them are produced only by the Alternaria species. This book is suitable for specialists as well as students of plant pathology, mycology and toxicology working in the fields of plant disease and toxic fungal metabolites.
The first book of its kind to focus on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of patients with fungal infections, this definitive reference returns in a completely revised, full-color new edition. It presents specific recommendations for understanding, controlling, and preventing fungal infections based upon underlying principles of epidemiology and infection control policy, pathogenesis, immunology, histopathology, and laboratory diagnosis and antifungal therapy. More than 560 photographs, illustrations, and tables depict conditions as they appear in real life and equip you to identify clinical manifestations with accuracy. Expanded therapy content helps you implement the most appropriate treatment quickly, and a bonus CD-ROM-featuring all of the images from the text-enables you to enhance your electronic presentations. Includes specific recommendations for diagnosing, preventing, and treating fungal infections in various patient populations based upon underlying principles of epidemiology and infection control policy, pathogenesis, immunology, histopathology, and laboratory diagnosis and antifungal therapy. Covers etiologic agents of disease, fungal infections in special hosts such as pediatric patients and patients with cancer and HIV, infections of specific organ systems, and more, to make you aware of the special considerations involved in certain cases. Features clinically useful and reader-friendly practical tools-including algorithms, slides, graphs, pictorials, photographs, and radiographs-that better illustrate and communicate essential points, promote efficient use in a variety of clinical and academic settings, and facilitate slide making for lectures and presentations. Offers a CD-ROM containing all of the book's images for use in your electronic presentations. Offers more clinically relevant images-more than 300 in full color for the first time-to facilitate diagnosis. Features expanded therapy-related content, including up-to-date treatment strategies and drug selection and dosing guidelines. Includes several new sections in the chapter on fungal infections in cancer patients that reflect the formidable clinical challenges these infections continue to present. Presents the work of additional international contributors who have defined many of the key issues in the field, providing more of a global perspective on the best diagnostic and management approaches. Uses a new, full-color design to enhance readability and ease of access to information.
First published in 1997. Natural toxicants are the subject of research throughout the world, and they are used for many purposes. The Handbook of Plant and Fungal Toxicants presents a wide range of compounds and considers how they relate to food safety, therapeutic purposes in medicine, and uses in breeding plants for enhanced resistance to insects and disease. Alkaloids, both from plant and fungal sources, are emphasized. Also covered are a variety of toxicants and phytochemicals including: bracken fern poisons polyphenolics gossypol flavones isoflavones pyrimidine glycosides fruit and vegetable allergens linear furanocoumarins photosensitizing agents nitrates oxalates Pinus ponderosa toxicants The text stresses the positive aspects of plant secondary compounds and presents examples of beneficial attributes in the context of environmental protection and human health. An international authorship addresses the global diversity and ecological distribution of plant and fungal toxicants. This handbook is ideal for senior-level college students and post-graduate students studying animal science, toxicology, and pharmaceutical sciences.
Irradiation for Quality Improvement, Microbial Safety and Phytosanitation of Fresh Produce presents the last six and a half decades of scientific information on the topic. This book emphasizes proven advantages of ionizing irradiation over the commonly used postharvest treatments for improving postharvest life of fresh fruits and vegetables to enhance their microbial safety. This reference is intended for a wide range of scientists, researchers, and students in the fields of plant diseases and postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. It is a means for disease control to promote food safety and quality for the food industry and can be used in food safety and agriculture courses. - Discusses pathogen resistance to common chemical synthetic compounds - Presents up-to-date research and benefits of phytosanitary irradiation - Includes comprehensive research for alternative treatments for postharvest disease control - Provides the non-residual feature of ionizing radiation as a physical means for disease control to produce chemical free foods
This three-volume set is a desirable reference for a wide range of specialists who study secondary fungal metabolites ranging from pharmaceutical house researchers, agricultural researchers, those involved in food and feed control regulation, and veterinary researchers. It discusses in depth the molecular formula of, the molecular weights of, and fungal/plant source indexes of secondary fungal metabolites.
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by aerobic, microscopic fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature. They colonize in a variety of foods from harvest to the grocer. Mycotoxins have gained world wide interest in recent years with the revelation of the effect of these toxins on health. A current example is the presence of ochratoxin A, a human carcinogen and nephrotoxin, in wines. The increased concern about fruit safety has led to increased studies throughout the world and enhanced awareness for stringent regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food.Presented in three defined sections, this is the first book to provide comprehensive analysis of the main mycotoxins contaminating fruits and vegetables and their derived products. The first section provides a safety evaluation of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, details regarding factors affecting mycotoxin production and diffusion in the fruit tissue, and recent methods for detection of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi. The second part takes a critical look at the main individual mycotoxins and the third section focuses on approaches for prevention and control. - The first book dedicated to mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables - Presents mycological, mycotoxicological and phytopathological aspects of fruits and vegetables - Includes an analysis of detection, prevention and control methods for mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce - Provides a complete risk assessment and safety evaluation of mycotoxins in perishable produce
At the end of the book is a comprehensive list of nearly 1200 names historically associated with Alternaria since 1796, their current taxonomic placement, a host-substrate index, a general index, and an extensive literature cited section.
