The Establishment of Marine Protected Area Networks in China
The Establishment of Marine Protected Area Networks in China

Author: Yunzhou Li

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13:

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In recent decades, stimulated by declining ocean health and recognition of limitations of current conservation efforts, international and regional agencies have been promoting the establishment of MPA networks as a promising strategy to sustain marine ecosystems and amplify socio-economic benefits (PISCO 2007; IUCN-WCPA 2008; UNEP-WCMC 2008). As a country with over 30 years’ experience of managing MPAs, China has established 260 MPAs in its coastal and marine areas (SOA 2015). However, a number of factors have hindered the development of MPAs and there is little use of systematic and scientific approaches to guide MPA planning in China. With China’s commitments to expand the MPA coverage in its waters (CBD 2011; SOA 2012; SOA 2013) and develop an “ecological barrier” along the coast by connecting MPAs and islands (The State Council 2015), this study aims to assess frameworks for the establishment of MPA networks in China, with a focus on critical components that would contribute to a successful and effective network from China’s perspective.

Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea
Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea

Author: Vu Hai Dang

Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Published: 2014-01-09

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 9004266356

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The once pristine and rich marine environment of the South China Sea is degrading at an alarming rate due to the rapid socioeconomic development of the region. Despite this, and due mainly to complicated sovereignty and maritime disputes, coastal States have not been able to develop effective regional cooperation to safeguard the shared marine environment. Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea discusses legal and political measures to support the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. Such a network, if properly developed, would not only help to protect the marine environment and resources of the region but also contribute to decreasing the tension among its coastal States. These measures are suggested in accordance with international law, based on the specific geopolitical context of the South China Sea region and take into consideration experiences in developing regional networks of marine protected areas from other marine regions.

Marine Protected Areas
Marine Protected Areas

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-06-01

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 0309072867

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Although the ocean-and the resources within-seem limitless, there is clear evidence that human impacts such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution disrupt marine ecosystems and threaten the long-term productivity of the seas. Declining yields in many fisheries and decay of treasured marine habitats, such as coral reefs, has heightened interest in establishing a comprehensive system of marine protected areas (MPAs)-areas designated for special protection to enhance the management of marine resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate how MPAs can be employed in the United States and internationally as tools to support specific conservation needs of marine and coastal waters. Marine Protected Areas compares conventional management of marine resources with proposals to augment these management strategies with a system of protected areas. The volume argues that implementation of MPAs should be incremental and adaptive, through the design of areas not only to conserve resources, but also to help us learn how to manage marine species more effectively.

Governing Marine Protected Areas
Governing Marine Protected Areas

Author: Peter Jones

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-02-24

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 113645523X

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In this innovative volume, the author addresses some important challenges related to the effective and equitable governance of marine protected areas (MPAs). These challenges are explored through a study of 20 MPA case studies from around the world. A novel governance analysis framework is employed to address some key questions: How can top-down and bottom-up approaches to MPA governance be combined? What does this mean, in reality, in different contexts? How can we develop and implement governance approaches that are both effective in achieving conservation objectives and equitable in fairly sharing associated costs and benefits? The author explores the many issues that these questions raise, as well as exploring options for addressing them. A key theme is that MPA governance needs to combine people, state and market approaches, rather than being based on one approach and its related ideals. Building on a critique of the governance analysis framework developed for common-pool resources, the author puts forward a more holistic and less prescriptive framework for deconstructing and analyzing the governance of MPAs. This inter-disciplinary analysis is aimed at supporting the development of MPA governance approaches that build social-ecological resilience through both institutional and biological diversity. It will also make a significant contribution to wider debates on natural resource governance, as it poses some critical questions for contemporary approaches to related research and offers an alternative theoretical and empirical approach.

Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in China
Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in China

Author: W. Qiu

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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There are growing academic and policy debates on how best to govern MPAs, concerning the benefits and risks of different governance approaches and instruments. This echoes the broader debates on the roles of state hierarchies, markets, and community participation in governing societal affairs. This study investigates the roles of different actors involved in governing MPAs, and the strengths and weaknesses of MPA governance in China. The research questions are addressed through three detailed case studies. Despite some variations, the three case study MPAs show major similarities in governance structure. In all three cases, the attitudes of key actors towards biodiversity conservation and their influences on MPA decision-making can be characterised by: 1) an unenthusiastic state, which often adopts a non-interventionist strategy in MPA management and law enforcement, as long as the MPAs exist on paper; 2) corporatised local governments, which are keen to influence and dominate MPA decision-making and law enforcement to promote economic development; 3) a growing private sector, which can both strengthen or undermine MPA governance by forming alliances with government institutions; and 4) silent local communities, whose influence on MPA governance has been very limited. In addressing the key conflicts in governing MPAs in China, the use of economic instruments appears to be the most important steering mechanism. Both state steering and community participation are used less effectively. Overall, the imbalance of power in governing MPAs and the over-reliance on market-based approaches arguably leads to failures in protecting the interests of biodiversity and local communities. Restoring the balance of power in MPA governance in China may therefore mean repositioning the central state and empowering local communities, which will allow diversified and balanced use of different steering mechanisms. Returning to a balance of power will also provide for more effective and equitable governance outcomes.

Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises
Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises

Author: Erich Hoyt

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-10-02

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13: 1136538305

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The first edition of the widely praised Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, published in 2005, led to numerous new marine protected area proposals and a number of notable conservation successes around the world. In this completely revised and expanded second edition, new developments in the Mediterranean, Caribbean and Pacific are described, as well as future directions for High Seas protection. New sections show how to design and manage MPAs in an ever noisier ocean subject to climate change, increased shipping and hydrocarbon exploration. The process of protected area creation for cetaceans has been accelerated and more than 200 exciting new places are detailed in this edition. This book provides a route map for MPA managers, as well as countries, to meet the ambitious targets for highly protected MPA networks by 2012 and 2020. This book is a key conservation tool and a springboard for worldwide change in human attitudes toward the world ocean where all life originated and where the majority of life on Earth still lives.

International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
International Law and Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

Author: Vito De Lucia

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2022-01-31

Total Pages: 469

ISBN-13: 9004506365

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This book investigates competing constructions of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and their role in the creation and articulations of legal principles, providing a broader perspective on the ongoing negotiation at the UN on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.