Carriers who assume an obligation to carry cargo from one place to another by sea are the only ones in a position to prevent loss or damage to the cargo, and so by rights assume a degree of liability for its safety. Such liability is defined in the three maritime transport regimes, adopted respectively in 1924, 1968, and 1992. A practicing attorney and consultant to the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Karan (law, Ankara U.) explores the liability principles that should be uniformly accepted or rejected for legal reasons, limiting his discussion to legal aspects of the international carriage of goods by sea as covered by the relevant sections of the three conventions. The text is double spaced. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
A new development in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, 2009 (commonly called Rotterdam rules) is the formula it adopted to deal with the basic question of the carrier's liability. It has set out a new structure of the carrier's liability and the burden of proof. Still its approach is not totally novel but extracted from the previous maritime conventions. It has preserved the 'fault-based liability system' established by the Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, 1924 (also known as Hague Rules), the Hague Rules amended with 1968 Visby Protocol and the SDR protocol of 1979 (Hague-Visby Rules) and International Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978 (Hamburg Rules). This piece of work analyses the new structure of carrier's liability introduced by this convention.
This volume provides a critical analysis of the carrier's liability under both the Hague/Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules. It also considers the question of whether or not the Hamburg Rules introduce a different liability regime and materially increase the carrier's liability vis-à-vis the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. Focusing on Australian and English jurisprudence, the work demonstrates that, quite contrary to prevailing opinions, the Hamburg Rules do not significantly change the carrier's existing liability. Indeed, in a number of areas, the legal position of the carrier is ameliorated. On the basis that both international conventions do not differ materially in terms of practical legitimacy, concludes the author, it makes no fundamental difference whatsoever, within the general context of carrier liability, whether one convention or the other is adopted. This scholarly publication will be of particular interest to practising lawyers, law professors and students as well as professionals engaged in maritime transport.
Limitation of liability for maritime claims is a concept of respectable antiquity which is now deeply entrenched in the maritime industry. Under this concept, the shipowner is entitled to limit his liability for maritime claims up to a maximum sum regardless of the actual amount of the claims. The concept of limitation of liability has been adopted by many conventions ranging from those relating to the carriage of goods by sea, carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea, liability and compensation for pollution damage, to liability for the removal of wrecks. Each of these conventions has its own approach to limitation of liability. However, these particular liability regimes share the international arena with global limitation conventions such as the 1976 Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims and the 1996 Protocol thereto. This book approaches limitation of liability from an international perspective looking at a number of key conventions including the global limitation conventions, the conventions relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea (1974 Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and Their Luggage by Sea and the 2002 Protocol thereto), conventions relating to liability and compensation for pollution damage (1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and the 1992 Protocol thereto, the 1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea and the 2010 Protocol thereto, and the 2001 International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage), as well as the 2007 Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks. Each chapter of this book sets out to analyze provisions in the conventions which have proved to be controversial and subject to debate by courts and authors, as well as the relationship between the limitation provisions in claim specific liability conventions and in the global limitation conventions. Particular attention is also given to the persons entitled to limit liability, ships in respect of which liability can be limited, claims subject to limitation, claims excepted from limitation, basis of liability (where applicable), loss of the right to limit, and the limits of liability. Limitation of Liability in International Maritime Conventions is of interest to academics and practicing lawyers who wish to understand the intricacies of the law of limitation.
International Air Carrier Liability brings together essential treaties and airline-to-airline agreements on air carrier liability, safety and security, and supplements these with expert commentary and analysis. The examination considers the general regulatory framework of international civil aviation (including the Chicago Convention and related documents) and how the liability regime fits within that framework. The book is divided into three parts: dealing in turn with liability, safety and security, and civil aviation regulation. Part I, for example, provides comment and analysis of the international air-carrier liability regime, how the main liability conventions operate, and the application of these conventions to international carriage by air (passengers, baggage and cargo). Given its subject matter and the universal state party participation in these conventions, this book has truly global application. David Hodgkinson and Rebecca Johnston aim to provide a reference aid for legal practitioners (at law firms, airlines, manufacturers, aviation-related corporations and government departments and agencies), as well as academics, students (undergraduate and post graduate) and government officials regarding treaties, domestic laws and documents concerned with these vital legal issues.
This book discusses the problem of sea carriers’ liability, with a particular focus on role of the technologies that have been employed to support maritime transport in recent decades. It examines the Hague Rules, providing an overview of the precedent standard of liability, its historical development up until its application, and its construction at the current time. To do so, it presents two exemplary studies from English and American case law, and analyzes the situations in which the courts have required the application of new technologies as part of the duties set in the current governing liability regime. Written in an easy-to-follow style, the book offers not only an unique overview of the applications of technologies in making ships both seaworthy and cargo-worthy, but also a practice-oriented guide to understanding and making decisions about sea carriers’ liability. It is intended for law practitioners as well as advanced graduate students and researchers in the field of maritime shipping, transport and insurance law
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Introduction -- Part I Liability -- Commentary -- Section 1: Main Conventions -- 1.1 Warsaw Convention 1929 -- 1.2 Warsaw Convention 1929 as amended at The Hague 1955 -- 1.3 Guadalajara Supplementary Convention 1961 -- 1.4 Warsaw Convention 1929 as amended at The Hague 1955 and by Protocol No. 4 of Montreal 1975 -- 1.5 Montreal Convention 1999 -- Section 2: Additional Protocols -- 2.1 The Hague Protocol 1955 -- 2.2 Guatemala City Protocol 1971
For the first time, this unique text brings together all private international maritime law conventions alongside expert commentary and analysis. Truly global in approach, the book covers each of the nineteen conventions currently in force, all scrutinised by this internationally-acclaimed author. It also examines important maritime conventions not yet in force, including the topical Rotterdam Rules. Split into three convenient volumes, this comprehensive resource provides a thorough treatment of both wet and dry shipping treaties, combining breadth of coverage with depth of analysis. In this first volume, the author covers conventions dealing with the Carriage of Goods and Passengers by Sea, in particular: - International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, 1924 and its Protocol of 1968 and 1979 (Hague-Visby Rules) - United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978 (Hamburg Rules) - United Nations Convention on the International Carriage of Goods wholly or Partly by Sea, 2008 (Rotterdam Rules) - Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 as amended by its Protocol of 2002 (Athens Convention) This book is an indispensable reference for maritime lawyers, academics and students of maritime law worldwide.
