The Atom-Atom Potential Method
The Atom-Atom Potential Method

Author: Alexander J. Pertsin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 3642827128

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The history of physics furnishes many examples of how a simple semiem pirical method, essentially based on intuitive considerations, may prove to be much more successful than a rigorous theoretical approach. A pertinent example is the method of atom-atom potentials, which treats the intermolec ular interactions between polyatomic molecules in terms of pairwise inter actions between their constituent atoms. Despite a few conceptual short comings, the method provides a fairly reliable practical means of handling, on a microscopic level, a wide range of problems that arise in the solid-state physics and chemistry of organic compounds. This monograph is an attempt to generalize the experience gained in the past twenty years in interpreting the static and dynamic properties of organic molecular solids in terms of atom-atom potentials. It embraces nearly all aspects of the application of the method, including an evaluation of cohesive energies, equilibrium crystal structures, phonon spectra, ther modynamic functions, and crystal defects. Many related topics such as the effect of the crystal field on molecular conformation, the determination of crystal structures from raw diffraction data, and the problem of polymor phic transitions are also discussed. We believe that this book will be of use to researchers in solid-state physics, chemistry, crystallography, physical chemistry, and polymer chem istry. It also gives us an opportunity to acknowledge our indebtedness to those who sent us published as well as unpublished information and sugges tions, including A.T. Amos, E.L. Bokhenkov, H. Bonadeo, R.K. Boyd, C.P.

Interatomic Potentials
Interatomic Potentials

Author: Iam Torrens

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 262

ISBN-13: 0323158692

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Interatomic Potentials provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the interaction between atoms. This book discusses the theory of interatomic forces or potentials, which deals with the complicated problem of many-body interactions. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the physical principles behind a range of atomic interactions and show how they can be applied to some atomic problems. This text then examines some of the theories of the atom that employ various approximate methods to simplify the many-body problem and estimate it potential energy. Other chapters consider the application of computer techniques to atomic problems. This book discusses as well the general principles and the particular types of pair interactions based on the pseudopotential method. The final chapter deals with some applications of interatomic potentials. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, research workers, and teachers. Atomic and solid state physicists will also find this book useful.

Atom - Molecule Collision Theory
Atom - Molecule Collision Theory

Author: Richard Barry Bernstein

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 785

ISBN-13: 1461329132

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The broad field of molecular collisions is one of considerable current interest, one in which there is a great deal of research activity, both experi mental and theoretical. This is probably because elastic, inelastic, and reactive intermolecular collisions are of central importance in many of the fundamental processes of chemistry and physics. One small area of this field, namely atom-molecule collisions, is now beginning to be "understood" from first principles. Although the more general subject of the collisions of polyatomic molecules is of great im portance and intrinsic interest, it is still too complex from the viewpoint of theoretical understanding. However, for atoms and simple molecules the essential theory is well developed, and computational methods are sufficiently advanced that calculations can now be favorably compared with experimental results. This "coming together" of the subject (and, incidentally, of physicists and chemists !), though still in an early stage, signals that the time is ripe for an appraisal and review of the theoretical basis of atom-molecule collisions. It is especially important for the experimentalist in the field to have a working knowledge of the theory and computational methods required to describe the experimentally observable behavior of the system. By now many of the alternative theoretical approaches and computational procedures have been tested and intercompared. More-or-Iess optimal methods for dealing with each aspect are emerging. In many cases working equations, even schematic algorithms, have been developed, with assumptions and caveats delineated.

Advanced Materials '93
Advanced Materials '93

Author: T Matsumoto

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 809

ISBN-13: 0444601155

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Computations, Glassy Materials, Microgravity and Non-Destructive Testing is a compilation of the papers presented during the Third IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials International Union of The Materials Research Societies that discussed the concepts and methods behind glassy materials. The book is divided into parts. Part 1 tackles the progresses in sol-gel science and technology; the reaction mechanisms of ormosils and effects of ultrasonic irradiation; and the preparation of different glasses and their properties. Part 2 covers topics such as the neural network system for the identification of materials; the use of computers for simulations of many-body systems; computer system for meeting the supercomputing needs of materials; quality control of materials information by knowledge base; and the development of knowledgebase system for computer-assisted alloy design. Part 3 deals with the properties of different materials, the concepts, and the techniques behind them, and Part 4 discusses the non-destructive evaluation. The text is recommended for chemists and engineers in the field of materials science, especially those who wish to know more about the progress in its field of research.

Elements of Photoionization Quantum Dynamics Methods
Elements of Photoionization Quantum Dynamics Methods

Author: Lampros A A Nikolopoulos

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2019-03-29

Total Pages: 195

ISBN-13: 168174712X

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The dynamics of quantum systems exposed to ultrafast (at the femtosecond time-scale) and strong laser radiation has a highly non-linear character, leading to a number of new phenomena, outside the reach of traditional spectroscopy. The current laser technology makes feasible the probing and control of quantum-scale systems with fields that are as strong as the interatomic Coulombic interactions and time resolution that is equal to (or less than) typical atomic evolution times. It is indispensable that any theoretical description of the induced physical processes should rely on the accurate calculation of the atomic structure and a realistic model of the laser radiation as pulsed fields. This book aims to provide an elementary introduction of theoretical and computational methods and by no means is anywhere near to complete. The selection of the topics as well as the particular viewpoint is best suited for early-stage students and researchers; the included material belongs in the mainstream of theoretical approaches albeit using simpler language without sacrificing mathematical accuracy. Therefore, subjects such as the Hilbert vector-state, density-matrix operators, amplitude equations, Liouville equation, coherent laser radiation, free-electron laser, Dyson-chronological operator, subspace projection, perturbation theory, stochastic density-matrix equations, time-dependent Schrödinger equation, partial-wave analysis, spherical-harmonics expansions, basis and grid wavefunction expansions, ionization, electron kinetic-energy and angular distributions are presented within the context of laser-atom quantum dynamics.

Quantum Theory of High-Energy Ion-Atom Collisions
Quantum Theory of High-Energy Ion-Atom Collisions

Author: Dzevad Belkic

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2008-11-13

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 9781584887294

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One of the Top Selling Physics Books according to YBP Library Services Suitable for graduate students, experienced researchers, and experts, this book provides a state-of-the-art review of the non-relativistic theory of high-energy ion-atom collisions. Special attention is paid to four-body interactive dynamics through the most important theoretical methods available to date by critically analyzing their foundation and practical usefulness relative to virtually all the relevant experimental data. Fast ion-atom collisions are of paramount importance in many high-priority branches of science and technology, including accelerator-based physics, the search for new sources of energy, controlled thermonuclear fusion, plasma research, the earth’s environment, space research, particle transport physics, therapy of cancer patients by heavy ions, and more. These interdisciplinary fields are in need of knowledge about many cross sections and collisional rates for the analyzed fast ion-atom collisions, such as single ionization, excitation, charge exchange, and various combinations thereof. These include two-electron transitions, such as double ionization, excitation, or capture, as well as simultaneous electron transfer and ionization or excitation and the like—all of which are analyzed in depth in this book. Quantum Theory of High-Energy Ion-Atom Collisions focuses on multifaceted mechanisms of collisional phenomena with heavy ions and atoms at non-relativistic high energies.

Variational Methods in Electron-Atom Scattering Theory
Variational Methods in Electron-Atom Scattering Theory

Author: Robert K. Nesbet

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-21

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 1468484311

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The investigation of scattering phenomena is a major theme of modern physics. A scattered particle provides a dynamical probe of the target system. The practical problem of interest here is the scattering of a low energy electron by an N-electron atom. It has been difficult in this area of study to achieve theoretical results that are even qualitatively correct, yet quantitative accuracy is often needed as an adjunct to experiment. The present book describes a quantitative theoretical method, or class of methods, that has been applied effectively to this problem. Quantum mechanical theory relevant to the scattering of an electron by an N-electron atom, which may gain or lose energy in the process, is summarized in Chapter 1. The variational theory itself is presented in Chapter 2, both as currently used and in forms that may facilitate future applications. The theory of multichannel resonance and threshold effects, which provide a rich structure to observed electron-atom scattering data, is presented in Chapter 3. Practical details of the computational implementation of the variational theory are given in Chapter 4. Chapters 5 and 6 summarize recent appli cations of the variational theory to problems of experimental interest, with many examples of the successful interpretation of complex structural fea tures observed in scattering experiments, and of the quantitative prediction of details of electron-atom scattering phenomena.

The Hydrogen Atom
The Hydrogen Atom

Author: S.G. Karshenboim

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2001-06-20

Total Pages: 778

ISBN-13: 3540419357

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For more than a century, studies of atomic hydrogen have been a rich source of scientific discoveries. These began with the Balmer series in 1885 and the early quantum theories of the atom, and later included the development of QED and the first successful gauge field theory. Today, hydrogen and its relatives continue to provide new fundamental information, as witnessed by the contributions to this book. The printed volume contains invited reviews on the spectroscopy of hydrogen, muonium, positronium, few-electron ions and exotic atoms, together with related topics such as frequency metrology and the determination of fundamental constants. The accompanying CD contains, in addition to these reviews, a further 40 contributed papers also presented at the conference "Hydrogen Atom 2" held in summer 2000. Finally, to facilitate a historical comparison, the CD also contains the proceedings of the first "Hydrogen Atom" conference of 1988. The book includes a foreword by Norman F. Ramsey.