The purpose of this guidance document is for the appropriate selection procurement utilization and maintenance of oxygen concentrators. This document also focuses on recommendations for the appropriate use and maintenance of oxygen concentrators in an effort to increase the availability management and quality of oxygen concentrators and ultimately to improve health outcomes in LRS. This document is intended to serve as a resource for the planning and provision of local and national oxygen concentrator systems for use by administrators clinicians and technicians who are interested in improving access to oxygen therapy and reducing global mortality associated with hypoxaemia.
"Hypoxaemia is a major contributor to child deaths that occur worldwide each year; for a child with pneumonia hypoxaemia increases the risk of death by up to 5 times. Despite its importance in virtually all types of acute severe illness, hypoxaemia is often not well recognized or well managed, more so in settings where resources are limited. Oxygen therapy remains an inaccessible luxury for a large proportion of severely ill children admitted to hospitals in developing countries. This is particularly true for patients in small district hospitals, where, even if some facility for delivering oxygen is available, supplies are often unreliable and the benefits of treatment may be diminished by poorly maintained, inappropriate equipment or poorly trained staff with inadequate guidelines. Increasing awareness of these problems is likely to have considerable clinical and public health benefits in the care of severely ill children. Health workers should be able to know the clinical signs that suggest the presence of hypoxaemia and have more reliable means of detection of hypoxeamia. This can be achieved through more widespread use of pulse oximetry, which is a non-invasive measure of arterial oxygen saturation. At the same time oxygen therapy must be more widely available; in many remote settings, this can be achieved by use of oxygen concentrators, which can run on regular or alternative sources of power. Having effective systems for the detection and management of hypoxaemia are vital in reducing mortality from pneumonia and other severe acute illnesses. Oxygen therapy is essential to counter hypoxaemia and many times is the difference between life and death. This manual focuses on the availability and clinical use of oxygen therapy in children in health facilities by providing the practical aspects for health workers, biomedical engineers, and administrators. It addresses the need for appropriate detection of hypoxaemia, use of pulse oximetry, clinical use of oxygen and delivery systems and monitoring of patients on oxygen therapy. In addition, the manual addresses practical use of pulse oximetry, and oxygen concentrators and cylinders in an effort to improve oxygen systems worldwide."--Publisher's description.
This guidance note provides a comprehensive overview of medical oxygen production, distribution, and use in Asia and the Pacific region, and explores how to improve systems over the medium and long term. It explains why surges in medical oxygen demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated deficiencies in oxygen systems. It highlights how greater coordination among stakeholders to plan and procure oxygen on a larger scale, improve equipment, and better train staff can dramatically benefit health systems and improve patient care.
This book presents select proceedings of the Indian Chemical Engineering Congress (CHEMCON-2021) under the theme "Sustainable Utilization of Resources for Chemical Mineral Sectors". It covers broad topics such as chemical reaction and processes, material science and engineering, coal and mineral processing, pyro- and hydro-metallurgical processes, environmental engineering and waste management, advanced engineering, and energy materials. This book is useful for the researchers, professionals, and policymakers interested in sustainable utilization of chemical and mineral resources.
The standards for the care of small and sick newborns in health facilities define, standardize and mainstream inpatient care of small and sick newborns, building on essential newborn care and ensuring consistency with the WHO quality of care framework. The standards will guide countries in caring for this vulnerable population and support the quality of care of newborns in the context of universal health coverage. They will provide a resource for policy-makers, health care professionals, health service planners, programme managers, regulators, professional bodies and technical partners involved in care, to help plan, deliver and ensure the quality of health services.
Infectious diseases with epidemic potential remain a significant and constant threat to the health and security of populations around the world, requiring robust health emergency preparedness, readiness and response systems and capacities at local and national levels. Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs), the EMT Initiative and its global network focus on establishing common quality standards and recommendations for medical teams to respond to health emergencies rapidly and effectively, as well as strengthening and supporting national capacities through strong collaboration and coordination. This publication defines minimum standards for the establishment of such critical capacities in a predictable and quality assured manner, and will enhance the interoperability between national, regional, and international capacities. This will contribute to the development and classification of respective specialized care teams (SCT) within the EMT framework and will provide guidance to member states, ministries of health, national and international EMTs and other key stakeholders to develop capacities and trainings, preparing for, or responding to outbreaks of highly infectious diseases.
