Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis - Exploring the Scientific Challenges Associated with Discovering Alternative, Sustainable Processes for Ammonia Production
Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis - Exploring the Scientific Challenges Associated with Discovering Alternative, Sustainable Processes for Ammonia Production

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13:

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Ammonia (NH3) is essential to all life on our planet. Until about 100 years ago, NH3 produced by reduction of dinitrogen (N2) in air came almost exclusively from bacteria containing the enzyme nitrogenase. DOE convened a roundtable of experts on February 18, 2016. Participants in the Roundtable discussions concluded that the scientific basis for sustainable processes for ammonia synthesis is currently lacking, and it needs to be enhanced substantially before it can form the foundation for alternative processes. The Roundtable Panel identified an overarching grand challenge and several additional scientific grand challenges and research opportunities: -Discovery of active, selective, scalable, long-lived catalysts for sustainable ammonia synthesis.-Development of relatively low pressure (

Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis {u2013} Exploring the Scientific Challenges Associated with Discovering Alternative, Sustainable Processes for Ammonia Production
Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis {u2013} Exploring the Scientific Challenges Associated with Discovering Alternative, Sustainable Processes for Ammonia Production

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Ammonia (NH3) is essential to all life on our planet. Until about 100 years ago, NH3 produced by reduction of dinitrogen (N2) in air came almost exclusively from bacteria containing the enzyme nitrogenase.. DOE convened a roundtable of experts on February 18, 2016. Participants in the Roundtable discussions concluded that the scientific basis for sustainable processes for ammonia synthesis is currently lacking, and it needs to be enhanced substantially before it can form the foundation for alternative processes. The Roundtable Panel identified an overarching grand challenge and several additional scientific grand challenges and research opportunities: -Discovery of active, selective, scalable, long-lived catalysts for sustainable ammonia synthesis. -Development of relatively low pressure (10 atm) and relatively low temperature (200 C) thermal processes. -Integration of knowledge from nature (enzyme catalysis), molecular/homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. -Development of electrochemical and photochemical routes for Nsub2/sub reduction based on proton and electron transfer -Development of biochemical routes to N

Sustainable Ammonia Production
Sustainable Ammonia Production

Author: Inamuddin

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-09

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13: 3030351068

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This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.

Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as an Energy Vector
Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as an Energy Vector

Author: Agustin Valera-Medina

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-09-30

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 0128208864

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Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as an Energy Vector presents the fundamentals, techno-economic challenges, applications, and state-of-the-art research in using green ammonia as a route toward the hydrogen economy. This book presents practical implications and case studies of a great variety of methods to recover stored energy from ammonia and use it for power, along with transport and heating applications, including its production, storage, transportation, regulations, public perception, and safety aspects. As a unique reference in this field, this book can be used both as a handbook by researchers and a source of background knowledge by graduate students developing technologies in the fields of hydrogen economy, hydrogen energy, and energy storage. Includes glossaries, case studies, practical concepts, and legal, public perception, and policy viewpoints that allow for thorough, practical understanding of the use of ammonia as energy carrier Presents its content in a modular structure that can be used in sequence, as a handbook, in individual parts or as a field reference Explores the use of ammonia, both as a medium for hydrogen storage and an energy vector unto itself

Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds

Author: Ahindra Nag

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-05-30

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 1000545105

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This book provides an interdisciplinary, integrative overview of environmental problem-solving using mild reaction conditions, green reagents, waste free and energy efficient synthesis in both industry and academic world. Discussions include a broad, integrated perspective on sustainability, integrated risk, multi-scale changes and impacts taking place within ecosystems worldwide. Features: This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who need to do greener synthesis of organic compounds, drugs and natural products under mild reaction condition using green reagents, eco-friendly catalysts and benign reaction mediums over traditional synthetic processes which is a key driving force of scientists. Greener synthesis of multiple value-added heterocycles opens up a new horizon towards the organic catalysis and for this purpose, development of natural resources acts as an effective catalyst. Using environmentally friendly reaction medium e.g. ACC, WETSA, WEBSA have been used for the synthesis of some crucial heterocyclic scaffolds such as bisenols and 2-amino-4H-pyrans, tetraketones, pyrans, and biaryls. This book can also be used as a textbook for graduate and post graduate level courses for students. Furthermore, the problems with answers in book will add better understanding for students.

Photo-Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Photo-Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

Author: Mohammadreza Nazemi

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2021-07-27

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1000417220

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Ammonia holds great promise as a carbon-neutral liquid fuel for storing intermittent renewable energy sources and power generation due to its high energy density and hydrogen content. Photo-Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Nanocatalyst Discovery, Reactor Design, and Advanced Spectroscopy covers the synthesis of novel hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials and their application in photo-electrochemical systems to convert low energy molecules to high value-added molecules and looks specifically at photo-electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) for ammonia synthesis as an attractive alternative to the long-lasting thermochemical process. Provides an integrated scientific framework, combining materials chemistry, photo-electrochemistry, and spectroscopy to overcome the challenges associated with renewable energy storage and transport Reviews materials chemistry for the synthesis of a range of heterogeneous (photo) electrocatalysts including plasmonic and hybrid plasmonic-semiconductor nanostructures for selective and efficient conversion of N2 to NH3 Covers novel reactor design to study the redox processes in the photo-electrochemical energy conversion system and to benchmark nanocatalysts’ selectivity and activity toward NRR Discusses the use of advanced spectroscopic techniques to probe the reaction mechanism for ammonia synthesis Offers techno-economic analysis and presents performance targets for the scale-up and commercialization of electrochemical ammonia synthesis This book is of value to researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals working in sustainable energy storage and conversion across the disciplines of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and related areas.

Electrochemical Energy Systems
Electrochemical Energy Systems

Author: Artur Braun

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-12-03

Total Pages: 1043

ISBN-13: 3110561956

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This book is for anyone interested in renewable energy for a sustainable future of mankind. Batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrolyzers and solar cells are explained at the molecular level and at the power plant level, in their historical development, in their economical and political impact, and social change. Cases from geophysics and astronomy show that electrochemistry is not confined to the small scale. Examples are shown and exercised.

Introduction to Development Engineering
Introduction to Development Engineering

Author: Temina Madon

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-09-08

Total Pages: 655

ISBN-13: 3030860655

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This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The opening section reviews the history of “technology-for-development” research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book’s iterative approach of “innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation.” Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development. Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.

Secondary Metabolites and Volatiles of PGPR in Plant-Growth Promotion
Secondary Metabolites and Volatiles of PGPR in Plant-Growth Promotion

Author: R. Z. Sayyed

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-10-30

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 3031075595

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This contributed volume explores how plant growth-promoting rhizobacterias (PGPR) provide a wide range of benefits to the plant. Further, it discusses the key roles PGPR play in nutrient acquisition and assimilation, improved soil texture, secreting, and modulating extracellular molecules. The book outlines how plant secondary metabolites are natural sources of biologically active compounds used in a wide range of applications, and surveys the significant role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant communication by mediating above- and below-ground interactions between plants and the surrounding organisms. This volume compiles research from leading scientists from across the globe, linking the translation of basic knowledge to innovative applied research. The book focuses on the following three categories: 1) understanding the secondary metabolites produced by PGPR, the signaling mechanisms and how they affect plant growth, 2) the plausible role of volatile organic compounds produced by PGPR, their role and the signaling mechanism for plant growth promotion, and 3) Applications of VOCs and secondary metabolites of PGPR for seed germination, plant growth promotion; stress tolerance and in-plant health and immunity.

A Theoretical Approach Toward Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
A Theoretical Approach Toward Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis

Author: Aayush Ranjan Singh

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Ammonia is one of the most significant industrially produced chemicals for its role as fertilizer in feeding the world's growing population. The Haber-Bosch process for the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia using fossil-derived hydrogen is also one of the most scientifically important reactions in heterogeneous catalysis, as many of the fundamental concepts in the field such as the significance of defect sites and the existence of rate-determining steps were developed by researchers studying this reaction. Despite enormous effort, two major drawbacks of the industrial process are (A) the expensive and wasteful centralized infrastructure for fertilizer production and distribution necessitated by the harsh conditions required to activate the N-N triple bond while maintaining a strong thermodynamic driving force, and (B) the environmental impact associated with the dependence on unsustainable fossil fuel resources for energy and hydrogen. The development of an alternative route to ammonia that operates in a distributed fashion under ambient conditions, based on renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, could be both economically and environmentally beneficial. In this work, we use electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory in conjunction with microkinetic modeling to develop three strategies toward sustainable ammonia synthesis: (1) designing improved catalysts for a low-temperature, low-pressure version of the thermochemical Haber-Bosch process, (2) establishing a set of guidelines for an active and selective electrochemical ammonia synthesis process, and (3) designing a hybrid approach that leverages the beneficial elements of both the thermochemical and electrochemical processes. Finally, we improve the efficiency of our computational methods by developing two machine learning approaches that reduce the number of density functional theory calculations required for the construction of surface phase diagrams and the prediction of activation barriers.