Superconductor Applications: SQUIDs and Machines
Superconductor Applications: SQUIDs and Machines

Author: Brian Schwartz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 746

ISBN-13: 1468428055

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This book includes small and large scale applications of super conductivity. Part I, SQUIDs, comprises about 75% of this volume, and is devoted to small scale applications, mainly .§uperconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), and the remainder, Part H, Machines, presents an updated review of large scale applications of superconduc tivity. The present book combined with the previous book Superconducting Machines and Devices: Large Systems Applications edited by S. Foner and B. B. Schwartz, Plenum Press, New York (1974) represents a detailed and most up-to-date review of the applications of superconducting tech nology. The text of the current book is suitable for advanced undergrad uates or graduate students in applied physics and engineering courses. The book should be valuable to scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the current status and future applications of superconduc tivity technology. The last 7 chapters in Part I review the major nation al efforts on small scale technology and should prove useful for industrial and government planners as weIl as scientists and engineers.

SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications
SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications

Author: Yi Zhang

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-09-08

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 3527344888

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Hands-on guide for scientists and engineers on how to use SQUID technology This practical book covers SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) readout electronics and magnetometric systems. It illustrates their many practical applications in measuring extremely subtle magnetic fields and shows how the technique is developing into an enabling technology for many applications, such as biomagnetic imaging and geophysical prospecting. Clear and comprehensive, the book builds a bridge for scientists and engineers to fill in potential know-how gaps for all who work on SQUID systems and their practical applications. It helps make key words like readout electronics, flux quantization, Josephson effects, and noise contributions completely understandable to all who design and use simple and robust SQUID systems. Beginning with an introduction to the subject, SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications offers in-depth chapter coverage of: Josephson junctions; dc SQUID’s I-V characteristics and its bias modes; functions of the SQUID's readout electronics; direct readout scheme (DRS); SQUID magnetometry system and SQUID parameters; flux modulation scheme (FMS); and flux feedback concepts and parallel feedback circuit. Other sections examine: analyses of the "series feedback coil (circuit)" (SFC); weakly damped SQUID; two-stage and double relaxation oscillation readout schemes; and radio-frequency (rf) SQUID. · Provides a unique view of how simplicity and robustness are crucial for practical SQUID systems in applications · Focuses on the readout electronics of SQUID systems, particularly the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems · Helps materials scientists, physicists, and engineers overcome various major know-how barriers in order to understand the important challenges and to design practical SQUID systems · Largely documents the joint achievements accomplished in the cooperation between SIMIT and FZJ in the field of superconducting electronics SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications is an excellent book for all materials scientists, electrical engineers, and physicists who can benefit from SQUID systems and their applications. It will also be of great benefit to analytical laboratories in industry, manufacturers of laboratory equipment, and systems engineers.

Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications
Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications

Author: Hadi Heidari

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-12-24

Total Pages: 255

ISBN-13: 1119552176

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An important guide that reviews the basics of magnetic biosensor modeling and simulation Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive review of magnetic biosensor modelling and simulation. The authors—noted experts on the topic—explore the model's strengths and weaknesses and discuss the competencies of different modelling software, including homemade and commercial (for example Multi-physics modelling software). The section on sensor materials examines promising materials whose properties have been used for sensing action and predicts future smart-materials that have the potential for sensing application. Next, the authors present classifications of sensors that are divided into different sub-types. They describe their working and highlight important applications that reveal the benefits and drawbacks of relevant designs. The book also contains information on the most recent developments in the field of each sensor type. This important book: Provides an even treatment of the major foundations of magnetic biosensors Presents problem solution methods such as analytical and numerical Explains how solution methods complement each other, and offers information on their materials, design, computer aided modelling and simulation, optimization, and device fabrication Describes modeling work challenges and solutions Written for students in electrical and electronics engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedical engineering, and biology, Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a guide to the principles of biomagnetic sensors, recent developments, and reveals the impact of sensor modelling and simulation on magnetic sensors.

Superconducting Devices
Superconducting Devices

Author: Steven T. Ruggiero

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-07-10

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 0323151647

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Superconducting Devices presents the theory, qualification, and fabrication of superconducting device elements and integrated circuitry. This book discusses the various uses of superconducting devices in many areas where their sensitivity, speed, or other characteristics stemming from the unique nature of superconductivity make them the device of choice. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which is the main achievement of superconductor electronics. This text then examines the status of dc and rf SQUIDs. Other chapters consider the progress in the fabrication technology for high-quality junctions and it integration technology, which are developed mainly for digital applications. This book discusses as well the increasing need for compact submillimeter sources for use in such applications as satellite communications and receivers for astronomical observation. The final chapter deals with the thin film tunneling experiments. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and electrical engineers.

Thin Film Device Applications
Thin Film Device Applications

Author: Kasturi Chopra

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1461336821

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Two-dimensional materials created ab initio by the process of condensation of atoms, molecules, or ions, called thin films, have unique properties significantly different from the corresponding bulk materials as a result of their physical dimensions, geometry, nonequilibrium microstructure, and metallurgy. Further, these characteristic features of thin films can be drasti cally modified and tailored to obtain the desired and required physical characteristics. These features form the basis of development of a host of extraordinary active and passive thin film device applications in the last two decades. On the one extreme, these applications are in the submicron dimensions in such areas as very large scale integration (VLSI), Josephson junction quantum interference devices, magnetic bubbles, and integrated optics. On the other extreme, large-area thin films are being used as selective coatings for solar thermal conversion, solar cells for photovoltaic conver sion, and protection and passivating layers. Indeed, one would be hard pressed to find many sophisticated modern optical and electronic devices which do not use thin films in one way or the other. With the impetus provided by industrial applications, the science and technology of thin films have undergone revolutionary development and even today continue to be recognized globally as frontier areas of RID work. Major technical developments in any field of science and technology are invariably accompanied by an explosion of published literature in the form of scientific publications, reviews, and books.

The New Superconducting Electronics
The New Superconducting Electronics

Author: H. Weinstock

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 460

ISBN-13: 940111918X

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This volume is based on the proceedings of the NATO-sponsored Advanced Studies Institute (ASn on The New Superconducting Electronics (held 9-20 August 1992 in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire USA). The contents herein are intended to provide an update to an earlier volume on the same subject (based on a NATO ASI held in 1988). Four years seems a relatively short time interval, and our title itself, featuring The New Superconducting Electronics, may appear somewhat pretentious. Nevertheless, we feel strongly that the ASI fostered a timely reexamination of the technical progress and application potential of this rapid-paced field. There are, indeed, many new avenues for technological innovation which were not envisioned or considered possible four years ago. The greatest advances by far have occurred with regard to oxide superconductors, the so-called high transition-temperature superconductors, known in short as HTS. These advances are mainly in the ability to fabricate both (1) high-quality, relatively large-area films for microwave filters and (2) multilayer device structures, principally superconducting-normal-superconducting (SNS) Josephson junctions, for superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) magnetometers. Additionally, we have seen the invention and development of the flux-flow transistor, a planar three-terminal device. During the earlier ASI only the very first HTS films with adequate critical-current density had just been fabricated, and these were of limited area and had high resistance for microwave current.

Superconducting Electronics
Superconducting Electronics

Author: Harold Weinstock

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 3642838855

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The genesis of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) upon which this volume is based, occurred during the summer of 1986 when we came to the realization that there had been significant progress during the early 1980's in the field of superconducting electronics and in applications of this technology. Despite this progress, there was a perception among many engineers and scientists that, with the possible exception of a limited number of esoteric fundamental studies and applications (e.g., the Josephson voltage standard or the SQUID magnetometer), there was no significant future for electronic systems incorporating superconducting elements. One of the major reasons for this perception was the aversion to handling liquid helium or including a closed-cycle helium liquefier. In addition, many critics felt that IBM's cancellation of its superconducting computer project in 1983 was "proof" that superconductors could not possibly compete with semiconductors in high-speed signal processing. From our perspective, the need for liquid helium was outweighed by improved performance, i. e., higher speed, lower noise, greater sensitivity and much lower power dissipation. For many commercial, medical, scientific and military applications, these attributes can lead to either enhanced capability (e.g., compact real-time signal processing) or measurements that cannot be made using any other technology (e.g., SQUID magnetometry to detect neuromagnetic activity).

Microwave Superconductivity
Microwave Superconductivity

Author: H. Weinstock

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 622

ISBN-13: 9401004501

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Detailed coverage of all aspects of microwave superconductivity: fundamentals, fabrication, measurement, components, circuits, cryogenic packaging and market potential. Both a graduate-level textbook and a reference for microwave engineers. Applications (with either active or passive circuit elements) include those at both liquid-helium and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Topics covered include wireless communications, space-based cryoelectronics, SQUIDs and SQUID amplifiers, NMR and MRI coils, accelerator cavities, and Josephson flux-flow devices.