Stress Wave Propagationin the Site 12 Hydraulic/explosive Fracturing Experiment
Stress Wave Propagationin the Site 12 Hydraulic/explosive Fracturing Experiment

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Published: 1980

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The Site 12 experiment was a heavily instrumented field event performed to examine the hydraulic/explosive fracturing concept for preparing an underground oil shale bed for true in situ processing. One of the key phases of this fracturing concept is the blasting operation which involves the insertion and detonation of slurry explosive in a pre-formed system of hydrofractures. To obtain a sound understanding of the nature of the blasting operations, a rather extensive array of stress gages, accelerometers, and time-of-arrival gages was installed in the rock mass in the vacinity of the explosive to monitor the dynamic events initiated by the detonation. These gages provided considerable amounts of information which were useful in evaluating overall results of the experiment. Details of the gage array, of the data, of analysis methods, and of the results and conclusions are considered in the report.

Stress Waves Measured and Calculated for in Situ Explosive Rubblization Experiments in Oil Shale
Stress Waves Measured and Calculated for in Situ Explosive Rubblization Experiments in Oil Shale

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Published: 1977

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A three-part ''bore-springing'' experiment to rubblize Green River formation oil shale was conducted near Rock Springs, Wyoming. The experiment involved the detonation of a cylindrical explosive charge at the bottom of a 60 m deep well, the detonation of a second charge in the now expanded cavity of this same well, and the detonation of a third charge at the bottom of a similar well 5 m away. Transient stress in the oil shale was monitored with lithium niobate (piezoelectric) and ytterbium (piezoresistive) gages in wells 5 and 10 m from the explosive wells. The stress fields were also calculated using a two-dimensional wave code, CSQ. The paper correlates measurements and calculations, with emphasis given to borehole expansion, stress wave propagation, and fracture distribution. Realistic prediction of the stress field is demonstrated.