State of the Art in Biorefinery in Finland and the United States, 2008
State of the Art in Biorefinery in Finland and the United States, 2008

Author: Alan W. Rudie

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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The U.S. Embassy in Finland and the Finnish Ministry of Employment and Economy jointly sponsored a U.S. Embassy Science Fellowship to survey biorefinery research and development (R & D) activities in Finland the the United States and to seek cooperatve research efforts between the two countries. The biorefinery effort in Finland started from concerns about global climate change and a need to comply with terms of the Kyoto agreement on greenhouse gas emissions. The biorefinery program in the United States started from concerns about the rising cost of crude oil and a desire to reduce dependence on foreighn oil for U.S. transportation fuels. Although different in original intent, the two country R & D programs have many similarities and offer numerous opportunities for collaborative efforts. The program in Finland is more focused on direct replacement of high-carbon fuels, such as coal and peat, and gasification and gas reforming as a path toward transportation fuels. Chemical and biochemical research on biorefinery include production of ethanol as a transportation fuel but is more focused on specialty chemicals and use of biomass chemical fractions in films and plastics. The U.S. focus is primarily on transportation fuels, with about equal efforts on gasification and Fischer-Tropsch reforming, and cellulose hydrolysis with formation of ethanol. This difference in emphasis is partially dictated by difference in raw materials. About two-thirds of the biomass available in the United States is dedicated annual crops and unused stalks and leaves of cereal grain agriculture. The bulk of the biomass available in Finland is thinnings and logging slash from softwood tree species. Agricultural residuals are more readily hydrolyzed than softwoods and, because of higher ash content, more difficult to handle in gasification and direct combustion. The difference in program emphsis between the countries is largely a response to different climate and geographic conditions in Finland and the United States.

Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology
Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology

Author: Peter Niemz

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-04-01

Total Pages: 2064

ISBN-13: 3030813150

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This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards. Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.

Hemicellulose Biorefinery: A Sustainable Solution for Value Addition to Bio-Based Products and Bioenergy
Hemicellulose Biorefinery: A Sustainable Solution for Value Addition to Bio-Based Products and Bioenergy

Author: Michel Brienzo

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-01-03

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 9811636826

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This edited book provides knowledge about hemicelluloses biorefinery approaching production life cycle, circular economy, and valorization by obtaining value-added bioproducts and bioenergy. A special focus is dedicated to chemical and biochemical compounds produced from the hemicelluloses derivatives platform. Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides located into plant cell wall, with diverse chemical structures and properties. It is the second most spread organic polymer on nature and found in vast lignocellulosic materials from agro and industrial wastes, therefore, hemicelluloses are considered as abundant and renewable raw material/feedstock. Biorefinery concept contributes to hemicelluloses production associated with biomass industrial processes. Hemicelluloses are alternative sources of sugars for renewable fuels and as platform for chemicals production. This book reviews chemical processes for sugar production and degradation, obtaining of intermediate and final products, and challenges for pentose fermentation. Aspects of hemicelluloses chain chemical and enzymatic modifications are presented with focus on physicochemical properties improvement for bioplastic and biomaterial approaches. Hemicelluloses are presented as sources for advanced materials in biomedical and pharmaceutical uses, and as hydrogel for chemical and medicine deliveries. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to cover all the processes involving hemicelluloses, its conversion into final and intermediate value-added compounds, and bioenergy production. Covering this context, this book is of interest to teachers, students, researchers, and scientists dedicated to biomass valorization. This book is a knowledge source of basic aspects to advanced processing and application for graduate students, particularly. Besides, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate students (from different courses) with a deep interest in biomass and waste conversion, valorization, and chemical products from hemicelluloses

Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

Author: Ottmar Edenhofer

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2011-11-21

Total Pages: 1088

ISBN-13: 9781107607101

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This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.

Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry
Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry

Author: Pratima Bajpai

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-14

Total Pages: 106

ISBN-13: 981104130X

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This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Forestry Applications
Forestry Applications

Author: Gregory Paradis

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 135126995X

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In 2012, a Forestry Special Interest Group (FSIG) was founded within the Canadian Operational Research Society (CORS). Besides a general commitment to promoting the application of operational research (OR) to forest management and forest products industry problems, the FSIG has two concrete mandates: organizing the forestry cluster at the annual CORS conference, and managing the editorial process for forestry-themed special issues of INFOR. The FSIG has been very successful in the first of these two mandates, with record attendance at the forestry cluster over the last four years, hosting of several special sessions, financial and in-kind support from the NSERC Strategic Network on Value Chain Optimization (VCO), and the inauguration of the David Martell Student Paper Prize in Forestry (DMSPPF). This is the first compilation of forestry-themed papers since the inauguration of the CORS FSIG. The six pieces selected for the special issue, now published as a book, feature applications of OR to a wide range of forest management and forest products industry contexts, including supply-chain planning, lumber production planning, demand-driven harvest and transportation planning, and fire-aware wood supply planning. This book was originally published as a special issue of the INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research journal.

Waste Management for the Food Industries
Waste Management for the Food Industries

Author: Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2010-07-28

Total Pages: 1096

ISBN-13: 0080554938

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The continuously increasing human population, has resulted in a huge demand for processed and packaged foods. As a result of this demand, large amounts of water, air, electricity and fuel are consumed on a daily basis for food processing, transportation and preservation purposes. Although not one of the most heavily polluting, the food industry does contribute to the increase in volume of waste produced as well as to the energy expended to do so. For the first time, nine separate food industry categories are thoroughly investigated in Waste Management for the Food Industries in an effort to help combat this already acute problem. The current state of environmental management systems is described, offering comparisons of global legislation rarely found in other resources. An extensive review of commercial equipment, including advantages and disadvantages per employed waste management technique, offers a unique perspective for any academic, student, professional, and/or consultant in the food, agriculture and environmental industries. - Thoroughly examines the most prevalent and most polluting industries such as Meat, Fish, Dairy, Olive Oil, Juice and Wine industries - Includes synoptical tables [methods employed, physicochemical or microbiological parameters altered after treatment etc] and comparative figures of the effectiveness of various waste management methods - Contains nearly 2500 of the most up-to-date references available

Biofuel Technologies
Biofuel Technologies

Author: Vijai Kumar Gupta

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-01-26

Total Pages: 533

ISBN-13: 3642345190

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Biofuels are considered to be the main potential replacement for fossil fuels in the near future. In this book international experts present recent advances in biofuel research and related technologies. Topics include biomethane and biobutanol production, microbial fuel cells, feedstock production, biomass pre-treatment, enzyme hydrolysis, genetic manipulation of microbial cells and their application in the biofuels industry, bioreactor systems, and economical processing technologies for biofuel residues. The chapters provide concise information to help understand the technology-related implications of biofuels development. Moreover, recent updates on biofuel feedstocks, biofuel types, associated co- and byproducts and their applications are highlighted. The book addresses the needs of postgraduate researchers and scientists across diverse disciplines and industrial sectors in which biofuel technologies and related research and experimentation are pursued.