Regulation of Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Through Modulation of Immune Cell Function
Author: Wei Ying
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Author: Tsuguhito Ota
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2015-03-26
Total Pages: 121
ISBN-13: 2889194280
DOWNLOAD EBOOKImmune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an underlying basis for the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Overnutrition or obesity activates the innate immune system with subsequent recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. In particular, a significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). ATMs are a prominent source of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, that can block insulin action in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver autocrine/paracrine signaling and cause systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling, providing a potential link between inflammation and insulin resistance. All articles in this topic highlight the interconnection between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all its diversity to the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and role of immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes.
Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease
Author: Todd Leff
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2010-03-19
Total Pages: 530
ISBN-13: 9783527629534
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Immunomodulatory Roles of Adipocytes
Author:
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2023-09-05
Total Pages: 103
ISBN-13: 2889743195
DOWNLOAD EBOOKObesity is increasing in epidemic proportions worldwide. A low-grade inflammation caused by obesity leads to its many inflammation-associated complications, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, accelerated atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that can lead to liver cirrhosis, heart failure, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. This systemic inflammation is due to profound changes in the adipose tissue microenvironment, at the heart of which is the adipocyte. Increasing evidence suggests the adipocyte not only stores excess energy, but initiates an escalating pro-inflammatory cascade in adipose tissue during high-fat diet. The adipocyte secretes over 50 cytokines and hormones that both enhance and suppress inflammation, secretes extracellular matrix proteins that impact inflammation, produces and releases toxic lipids that aggravate inflammation, and, more recently, was shown to present antigen to activate CD4+ T cells. Although discovered several decades ago, studies continue to identify pro-inflammatory roles for leptin and anti-inflammatory activities for adiponectin, hormones secreted in large amounts by the adipocyte.
Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue
Author: Yihai Cao
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-09-05
Total Pages: 374
ISBN-13: 1461480698
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAngiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..
The Adipose Organ
Author: Saverio Cinti
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 94
ISBN-13: 9788885030329
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAdipose Tissue and Inflammation
Author: Atif B. Awad
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2009-10-08
Total Pages: 318
ISBN-13: 142009131X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe American Obesity Association identifies obesity's link to numerous medical conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several cancers, and a host of inflammatory disorders. Evidence indicates that inflammation has more than a corollary relation with obesity; that in fact, obesity itself manifests a low-grade, m
Role of the Adipocyte in Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Author: Colleen Croniger
Publisher: IntechOpen
Published: 2011-09-22
Total Pages: 384
ISBN-13: 9789533075983
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAdipocytes are important in the body for maintaining proper energy balance by storing excess energy as triglycerides. However, efforts of the last decade have identified several molecules that are secreted from adipocytes, such as leptin, which are involved in signaling between tissues and organs. These adipokines are important in overall regulation of energy metabolism and can regulate body composition as well as glucose homeostasis. Excess lipid storage in tissues other than adipose can result in development of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this book we review the role of adipocytes in development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Because type 2 diabetes has been suggested to be a disease of inflammation we included several chapters on the mechanism of inflammation modulating organ injury. Finally, we conclude with a review on exercise and nutrient regulation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its co-morbidities.
Fatty Acid and Lipotoxicity in Obesity and Diabetes
Author: Gregory R. Bock
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2008-03-11
Total Pages: 222
ISBN-13: 9780470985564
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe potential lipotoxic effect of accumulation of fatty acids in non-adipose tissues is thought to be a major component in the development of insulin resistance. Chronic exposure to high concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood affects pancreatic β cell function, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis in the liver, and storage in adipose tissue. Maintaining the normal levels of fatty acids requires coordinated regulation between the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This book deals with the molecular aspects of fatty acid action in obesity and insulin resistance. The topics include lipid metabolism and adipose tissue biology, and β cell function and insulin resistance. Chapters deal with the molecular genetics and molecular physiology of energy homeostasis.
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Author: Georg Wick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2011-12-03
Total Pages: 628
ISBN-13: 370910338X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIt has been known for over 150 years that hallmarks of inflammation can be observed in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels. It was, however, not clear if this inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atherogenesis. More recently, it has become evident that inflammation mediated both by innate and adaptive immunity is instrumental even in the earliest stages of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, i.e., that it plays an important pathogenetic role. In this volume, international experts in the field discuss the pathogenetic, diagnostic, preventive and possible therapeutic relevance of inflammation in atherogenesis. This book is intended for researchers and physicians in the fields of vascular biology, immunology and atherosclerosis.
