Reduplication of Urdu and English Words. Methodology and Data Analysis
Reduplication of Urdu and English Words. Methodology and Data Analysis

Author: Amina Khalid

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2015-04-21

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 3656946485

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Essay from the year 2015 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: Reduplication is not an alien concept to begin with. It is a type of compounding process in terms of “reduplication compound or repetitive compound”. Reduplication is a morphological process in which word, stem or root is doubled. This process takes place in two major types; total reduplication and partial reduplication. Total reduplication doubles the entire word whereas partial reduplication copies some phonological features of the word, stem or root. The process of reduplication is found in many languages and has the quality of linguistic productivity. The productivity of reduplication process in Urdu and English language is reverse. English language has less productivity of Reduplication process but the linguistics has done a lot of work on it. There are two online dictionaries on reduplicated words in English language, where they present reduplicated words with their meanings and etymological origins. On the other hand, the productivity of reduplication process is immense in Urdu language but there is no online availability of literature on Reduplication in Urdu language. If material of some kind available online it is not very reliable. Word Reduplication can be traced back to the 16th century from Latin word “Reduplication” or “reduplicationis” which means “doubling” and “folding”. The term “Reduplicator” is used for the base word in reduplication even the reduplicated element is called “Reduplicant”. Reduplication plays central role in word formation process which undergoes in many languages and language groups. Reduplication process is very productive in Urdu language but the process remains almost unexplored in Pakistan. It is a rich field of linguistic investigation.

The Morphology of Loanwords in Urdu
The Morphology of Loanwords in Urdu

Author: Riaz Ahmed Mangrio

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2016-06-22

Total Pages: 185

ISBN-13: 1443896632

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Although a major language in itself, Urdu has borrowed words from three major languages of the world, namely Persian, Arabic and English, with various loan morphological and phonological features. There have been very few studies on this phenomenon, and many features are still unexplored. This study focuses on loanword morphology, and looks at the nature of loanwords borrowed from these three languages. The book begins by examining the morphological adaptation of loanwords. Secondly, parallels and differences are explored between the relatively recent adaptation of English loans and the older adaptation of words from Arabic and Persian. The descriptive content of the book – covering as it does not only English loanwords, but those from Arabic and Persian as well, in addition to examining native Urdu structures – is refreshingly broad. The study itself is primarily descriptive, carefully teasing apart the sometimes complex interactions between syntax, semantics and linguistic function relative to loanword adaptation. However, even beyond the question of loanword adaptation, there is much to recommend itself descriptively here, with regard to the morphological structures of Urdu, including endocentric, exocentric, copulative, postpositional and verbal compounds. In addition to such derivational processes, this study also considers various inflectional issues, such as gender, number and case morphology, the pluralisation of English nominal loans, and the adaptation of English verbs through the use of Urdu dummy verbs. The book offers a good foundation for a more in-depth examination of the data against current morphological theory. Taken as a whole, it not only presents a large quantity of interesting data in pursuing the immediate question of loanword adaptation in Urdu, but also provides a fruitful starting point for a wealth of further investigations into Urdu and into loanword adaptation more generally.

Understanding Morphology
Understanding Morphology

Author: Martin Haspelmath

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-10-28

Total Pages: 387

ISBN-13: 1134645961

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This new edition of Understanding Morphology has been fully revised in line with the latest research. It now includes 'big picture' questions to highlight central themes in morphology, as well as research exercises for each chapter. Understanding Morphology presents an introduction to the study of word structure that starts at the very beginning. Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology on the part of the reader, the book presents a broad range of morphological phenomena from a wide variety of languages. Starting with the core areas of inflection and derivation, the book presents the interfaces between morphology and syntax and between morphology and phonology. The synchronic study of word structure is covered, as are the phenomena of diachronic change, such as analogy and grammaticalization. Theories are presented clearly in accessible language with the main purpose of shedding light on the data, rather than as a goal in themselves. The authors consistently draw on the best research available, thus utilizing and discussing both functionalist and generative theoretical approaches. Each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and exercises. As such this is the ideal book for both beginning students of linguistics, or anyone in a related discipline looking for a first introduction to morphology.

Studies on Reduplication
Studies on Reduplication

Author: Bernhard Hurch

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2011-12-22

Total Pages: 653

ISBN-13: 3110911469

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For several reasons, mostly inherent to the different developments of generative grammar, an increasing number of publications have dealt with reduplication in the past 20 years. Reduplication lends itself perfectly as a test field for theories that opt for a non-segmental organization of phonology and morphology. As it happens frequently, then, the discussion centers around a rather small set of data for which alternative analysis are offered, and which themselves are intended to contribute to the foundation of new theoretical developments. The present volume (which goes back to a conference on reduplication at the University of Graz, Austria) offers a broader approach to reduplication not only from different theoretical viewpoints, but especially for its phenomenology. Across theories a number of highly qualified authors deal with formal and functional perspectives, with typological properties, with semantics, comparative issues, the role of reduplication in language acquisition, the acquisition of reduplicative systems, sign languages, creoles and pidgins, general grammatical and cognitive principles; the picture is completed by a series of language or language-family specific studies as on Uto-Aztecan, Salish, Tupi-Guarani, Moroccan and Cairene Arabic, various African languages, Chinese, Turkish, Indo-European, languages from India, etc. The overall scope of the conference was to contribute to a new level of discussion of the phenomenon, across theories and across specializations and interests. Update on Contributor's addresses (PDF)

English as a Global Language
English as a Global Language

Author: David Crystal

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-03-29

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 1107611806

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Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.

The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology
The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology

Author: Laurie Bauer

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 719

ISBN-13: 0198747063

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The first comprehensive description of English word formation covers inflection and derivation, compounding, conversion, and minor processes such as subtractive morphology. It combines theory-neutral presentation of data with theoretically informed analysis. Winner of the 2015 Bloomfield Book Award and written by three outstanding scholars, this is a vital reference for all linguists.