RCS Estimation of Linear and Planar Dipole Phased Arrays: Approximate Model

RCS Estimation of Linear and Planar Dipole Phased Arrays: Approximate Model

Author: Hema Singh

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-10-01

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13: 9812877541

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In this book, the RCS of a parallel-fed linear and planar dipole array is derived using an approximate method. The signal propagation within the phased array system determines the radar cross section (RCS) of phased array. The reflection and transmission coefficients for a signal at different levels of the phased-in scattering array system depend on the impedance mismatch and the design parameters. Moreover the mutual coupling effect in between the antenna elements is an important factor. A phased array system comprises of radiating elements followed by phase shifters, couplers, and terminating load impedance. These components lead to respective impedances towards the incoming signal that travels through them before reaching receive port of the array system. In this book, the RCS is approximated in terms of array factor, neglecting the phase terms. The mutual coupling effect is taken into account. The dependence of the RCS pattern on the design parameters is analyzed. The approximate model is established as an efficient method for RCS estimation of phased arrays. This book presents a detailed formulation of approximate method to determine RCS of phased arrays, which is explained using schematics and illustrations. This book should help the reader understand the impinging signal path and its reflections/transmissions within the phased array system.


Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics

Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics

Author: Hubregt J. Visser

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-02-03

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 0470871180

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Reflecting a growing interest in phased array antenna systems, stemming from radar, radio astronomy, mobile communications and satellite broadcasting, Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics introduces the principles of array and phased array antennas. Packed with first-hand practical experience and worked-out examples, this is a valuable learning tool and reference source for those wishing to improve their understanding of basic array antenna systems without relying heavily on a thorough knowledge of electromagnetics or antenna theory. Features a general introduction to antennas and explains the array antenna principle through discussion of the physical characteristics rather than the theory Explores topics often not covered in antenna textbooks, such as active element pattern, array feeding, means of phase changing, array antenna characterisation, sequential rotation techniques and reactively loaded arrays Guides the reader through the necessary mathematics, allowing them to move onto specialist books on array and phased array antennas with a greater understanding of the topic Supported by a companion website on which instructors and lecturers can find electronic versions of the figures An ideal introduction for those without a background in antennas, this clear, concise volume will appeal to technicians, researchers and managers working in academia, government, telecommunications and radio astronomy. It will also be a valuable resource for professionals and postgraduates with some antenna knowledge.


Conformal Array Antenna Theory and Design

Conformal Array Antenna Theory and Design

Author: Lars Josefsson

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-02-10

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 0471780111

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This is the first comprehensive treatment of conformal antenna arrays from an engineering perspective. While providing a thorough foundation in theory, the authors of this publication provide a wealth of hands-on instruction for practical analysis and design of conformal antenna arrays. Thus, you get the knowledge you need, alongside the practical know-how to design antennas that are integrated into such structures aircrafts or skyscrapers.


Modern Antenna Design

Modern Antenna Design

Author: Thomas A. Milligan

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2005-07-11

Total Pages: 646

ISBN-13: 0471457760

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A practical book written for engineers who design and use antennas The author has many years of hands on experience designing antennas that were used in such applications as the Venus and Mars missions of NASA The book covers all important topics of modern antenna design for communications Numerical methods will be included but only as much as are needed for practical applications


Active Radar Cross Section Reduction

Active Radar Cross Section Reduction

Author: Hema Singh

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2015-03-02

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 1107092612

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This book discusses the active and passive radar cross section (RCS) estimation and techniques to examine the low observable aerospace platforms. It begins with the fundamentals of RCS, followed by the dielectric, magnetic and metamaterials parameters of the constituent materials and then explains various methods and the emerging trends followed in this area of study. The RCS estimation of phased array including the mutual coupling effect is also presented in detail in the book. The active RCS reduction is carefully touched upon through the performance of phased arrays, sidelobe cancellers and mitigation of multipath effect. Providing information on various adaptive algorithms like least mean square (LMS), recursive least square (RLS) and weighted least square algorithms, the authors also mention the recent developments in the area of embedded antennas, conformal load bearing antenna, metamaterials and frequency selective surface (FSS) based RCS reduction.


Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS

Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS

Author: Ben A. Munk

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2003-07-22

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9780471273059

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A periodic surface is an assembly of identical elements arranged in a one or two-dimensional array. Such surfaces have various effects on incident electromagnetic waves. Their applications range from antennas to stealth aircraft.This book discusses finite antenna arrays and how to minimize the radar cross section of these arrays. "Ben has been the world-wide guru of this technology...Ben Munk has written a book that represents the epitomy of practical understanding." W. Bahret, United States Air Force Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) have important military and civilian applications including antenna theory, satellite communications and stealth technology Author is an authory on the subject, having been instrumental in the development of stealth technology for the US Air Force Much of the material in this book was deemed classified due to its importance to defence


Antenna Arrays and Automotive Applications

Antenna Arrays and Automotive Applications

Author: Victor Rabinovich

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-08-09

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 1461410746

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This book throws a lifeline to designers wading through mounds of antenna array patents looking for the most suitable systems for their projects. Drastically reducing the research time required to locate solutions to the latest challenges in automotive communications, it sorts and systematizes material on cutting-edge antenna arrays that feature multi-element communication systems with enormous potential for the automotive industry. These new systems promise to make driving safer and more efficient, opening up myriad applications, including vehicle-to-vehicle traffic that prevents collisions, automatic toll collection, vehicle location and fine-tuning for cruise control systems. This book’s exhaustive coverage begins with currently deployed systems, frequency ranges and key parameters. It proceeds to examine system geometry, analog and digital beam steering technology (including "smart" beams formed in noisy environments), maximizing signal-to-noise ratios, miniaturization, and base station technology that facilitates in-car connectivity while on the move. An essential guide for technicians working in a fast-developing field, this new volume will be warmly welcomed as a powerful aid in their endeavors.


Scattering Cross Section of Unequal Length Dipole Arrays

Scattering Cross Section of Unequal Length Dipole Arrays

Author: Hema Singh

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-09-28

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9812877908

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This book presents a detailed and systematic analytical treatment of scattering by an arbitrary dipole array configuration with unequal-length dipoles, different inter-element spacing and load impedance. It provides a physical interpretation of the scattering phenomena within the phased array system. The antenna radar cross section (RCS) depends on the field scattered by the antenna towards the receiver. It has two components, viz. structural RCS and antenna mode RCS. The latter component dominates the former, especially if the antenna is mounted on a low observable platform. The reduction in the scattering due to the presence of antennas on the surface is one of the concerns towards stealth technology. In order to achieve this objective, a detailed and accurate analysis of antenna mode scattering is required. In practical phased array, one cannot ignore the finite dimensions of antenna elements, coupling effect and the role of feed network while estimating the antenna RCS. This book presents the RCS estimation of an array with unequal-length dipoles. The signal reflections within the antenna system and the mutual coupling effect are considered to arrive at the total RCS for series and parallel feed. The computations are valid for any arbitrary array configurations, including side-by-side arrangement, parallel-in-echelon, etc.


The Micro-doppler Effect in Radar

The Micro-doppler Effect in Radar

Author: Victor C. Chen

Publisher: Artech House

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1608070581

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The Doppler Effect can be thought of as the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. In radar, it is used to measure the velocity of detected objects. This highly practical resource provides thorough working knowledge of the micro-Doppler effect in radar, including its principles, applications and implementation with MATLAB codes. The book presents code for simulating radar backscattering from targets with various motions, generating micro-Doppler signatures, and analyzing the characteristics of targets. In this title, professionals will find detailed descriptions of the physics and mathematics of the Doppler and micro-Doppler effect. The book provides a wide range of clear examples, including an oscillating pendulum, a spinning and precession heavy top, rotating rotor blades of a helicopter, rotating wind-turbine blades, a person walking with swinging arms and legs, a flying bird, and movements of quadruped animals.


Introduction to RF Propagation

Introduction to RF Propagation

Author: John S. Seybold

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2005-10-03

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0471743682

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An introduction to RF propagation that spans all wireless applications This book provides readers with a solid understanding of the concepts involved in the propagation of electromagnetic waves and of the commonly used modeling techniques. While many books cover RF propagation, most are geared to cellular telephone systems and, therefore, are limited in scope. This title is comprehensive-it treats the growing number of wireless applications that range well beyond the mobile telecommunications industry, including radar and satellite communications. The author's straightforward, clear style makes it easy for readers to gain the necessary background in electromagnetics, communication theory, and probability, so they can advance to propagation models for near-earth, indoor, and earth-space propagation. Critical topics that readers would otherwise have to search a number of resources to find are included: * RF safety chapter provides a concise presentation of FCC recommendations, including application examples, and prepares readers to work with real-world propagating systems * Antenna chapter provides an introduction to a wide variety of antennas and techniques for antenna analysis, including a detailed treatment of antenna polarization and axial ratio; the chapter contains a set of curves that permit readers to estimate polarization loss due to axial ratio mismatch between transmitting and receiving antennas without performing detailed calculations * Atmospheric effects chapter provides curves of typical atmospheric loss, so that expected loss can be determined easily * Rain attenuation chapter features a summary of how to apply the ITU and Crane rain models * Satellite communication chapter provides the details of earth-space propagation analysis including rain attenuation, atmospheric absorption, path length determination and noise temperature determination Examples of widely used models provide all the details and information needed to allow readers to apply the models with confidence. References, provided throughout the book, enable readers to explore particular topics in greater depth. Additionally, an accompanying Wiley ftp site provides supporting MathCad files for select figures in the book. With its emphasis on fundamentals, detailed examples, and comprehensive coverage of models and applications, this is an excellent text for upper-level undergraduate or graduate students, or for the practicing engineer who needs to develop an understanding of propagation phenomena.