Collateral, Netting and Systemic Risk in the OTC Derivatives Market

Collateral, Netting and Systemic Risk in the OTC Derivatives Market

Author: Mr.Manmohan Singh

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2010-04-01

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13: 1451982763

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To mitigate systemic risk, some regulators have advocated the greater use of centralized counterparties (CCPs) to clear Over-The-Counter (OTC) derivatives trades. Regulators should be cognizant that large banks active in the OTC derivatives market do not hold collateral against all the positions in their trading book and the paper proves an estimate of this under-collateralization. Whatever collateral is held by banks is allowed to be rehypothecated (or re-used) to others. Since CCPs would require all positions to have collateral against them, off-loading a significant portion of OTC derivatives transactions to central counterparties (CCPs) would require large increases in posted collateral, possibly requiring large banks to raise more capital. These costs suggest that most large banks will be reluctant to offload their positions to CCPs, and the paper proposes an appropriate capital levy on remaining positions to encourage the transition.


OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing

OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing

Author: David Murphy

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published: 2013-09-04

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 9781137293855

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The OTC derivatives market has been hit by a massive wave of regulatory change. Capital and margin requirements have increased, trade reporting has been mandated, and execution mechanisms are evolving. Most of all, central clearing is being imposed for many transactions. OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing explains the new rules and the new models. It discusses the traditional bilateral market, then sets out how this will change due to mandatory central clearing and the new ways in which OTC derivatives will have to be traded, reported, and processed. The risks of OTC derivatives clearing houses are discussed in detail, as are the protections that CCPs have against these risks. The book also looks at alternatives to some of the policy decisions that have been made, showing the balance between costs and benefits of various different approaches to derivatives market stability. The book is both a detailed primer on OTC derivatives clearing and a powerful insight into post-crisis financial regulation. Key features of the book include: • A discussion of the capital rules for OTC derivatives counterparty credit risk in Basel III; • An account of OTC derivatives trade processing in both bilateral and cleared markets; • A detailed account of the risk profile of OTC derivatives CCPs; • An explanation of the risks run in various collateral segregation models; and • A comparison of various macro-prudential tools for enhancing the financial stability of OTC derivatives markets.


Discriminatory Pricing of Over-the-Counter Derivatives

Discriminatory Pricing of Over-the-Counter Derivatives

Author: Hau Harald

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2019-05-07

Total Pages: 45

ISBN-13: 1498303773

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New regulatory data reveal extensive price discrimination against non-financial clients in the FX derivatives market. The client at the 90th percentile pays an effective spread of 0.5%, while the bottom quarter incur transaction costs of less than 0.02%. Consistent with models of search frictions in over-the-counter markets, dealers charge higher spreads to less sophisticated clients. However, price discrimination is eliminated when clients trade through multi-dealer request-for-quote platforms. We also document that dealers extract rents from captive clients and market opacity, but only for contracts negotiated bilaterally with unsophisticated clients.


Guide to Clearance & Settlement

Guide to Clearance & Settlement

Author: Lightbulb Press

Publisher:

Published: 2021-10-20

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781933569215

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An in-depth look at DTCC, including its role in the capital markets, its structure, and it's offerings and services.


OTC Markets in Derivative Instruments

OTC Markets in Derivative Instruments

Author: Nick Cavalla

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-27

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 1349130532

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To date, most academic and practical texts have concentrated on the exchange-traded markets and focused on the nature and price characteristics of the various listed instruments. By contrast, OTC Markets in Derivative Instruments deals in detail with the complexities of the over-the-counter markets - extending a description of the core products to a discussion of real world applications and risks. Regulatory, accounting and tax issues are also covered. Contributors include Bankers Trust, BZW, GNI, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Natwest Futures, Midland Montagu and Mitsubishi.


Central Counterparties

Central Counterparties

Author: Jon Gregory

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-06-17

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 1118891570

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Practical guidance toward handling the latest changes to the OTC derivatives market Central Counterparties is a practical guide to central clearing and bilateral margin requirements, from one of the industry's most influential credit practitioners. With up-to-date information on the latest regulations imposed after the global financial crisis, this book covers the mechanics of the clearing process and analyses the resulting consequences. Detailed discussion explains the ways in which the very significant clearing and margining rules will affect the OTC derivatives market and the financial markets in general, with practical guidance toward implementation and how to handle the potential consequences. Over-the-counter derivatives were blamed by many for playing a major role in the 2007 financial crisis, resulting in a significant attention and dramatic action by policymakers, politicians, and regulators to reduce counterparty credit risk which was seen as a major issue in the crisis. The two most important regulatory changes are the mandatory clearing of standardised OTC derivatives, and the requirements for bilateral margin posting in non-standard OTC contracts. Central Counterparties is a complete reference guide to navigating these changes, providing clarification and practical advice. Review the mitigation of counterparty credit risk with the historical development of central clearing Clarify the latest regulatory requirements imposed by Dodd-Frank, EMIR, Basel III and more Learn the mechanics of central clearing, with special attention to complex issues such as margin calculations, the loss waterfall, client clearing and regulatory capital rules Gain insight into the advantages and disadvantages of clearing and bilateral margin requirements, and the potential issues that arise As the clearing and margining mandates are phased in, the associated costs will be severe enough to dramatically shift the topology of the financial markets and transform the nature of risk. Central Counterparties provides the information, clarification and expert insight market practitioners need to get up to speed quickly.


Sovereign Debt Management

Sovereign Debt Management

Author: Rosa Lastra

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2014-01

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780199671106

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The most authoritative and comprehensive book available on sovereign debt management written by practitioners and scholars of world renown.