Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft
Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft

Author: Ravi Rajamani

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2021-03-26

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13: 146860323X

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The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021007

Electro-Mechanical Actuators for the More Electric Aircraft
Electro-Mechanical Actuators for the More Electric Aircraft

Author: Mirko Mazzoleni

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-01-19

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 3030617998

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This book presents recent results on fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of airborne electromechanical actuators, illustrating both algorithmic and hardware design solutions to enhance the reliability of onboard more electric aircraft. The book begins with an introduction to the current trends in the development of electrically powered actuation systems for aerospace applications. Practical examples are proposed to help present approaches to reliability, availability, maintainability and safety analysis of airborne equipment. The terminology and main strategies for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring are then reviewed. The core of the book focuses on the presentation of relevant case studies of fault diagnosis and monitoring design for airborne electromechanical actuators, using different techniques. The last part of the book is devoted to a summary of lessons learned and practical suggestions for the design of fault diagnosis solutions of complex airborne systems. The book is written with the idea of providing practical guidelines on the development of fault diagnosis and monitoring algorithms for airborne electromechanical actuators. It will be of interest to practitioners in aerospace, mechanical, electronic, reliability and systems engineering, as well as researchers and postgraduates interested in dynamical systems, automatic control and safety-critical systems. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

Electric Flight Technology
Electric Flight Technology

Author: Ravi Rajamani

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2018-05-28

Total Pages: 83

ISBN-13: 0768084709

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The environmental impact of hydrocarbon-burning aircraft is one of the main motivations for the move to electric propulsion in aerospace. Also, cars, buses, and trucks are incorporating electric or hybrid-electric propulsion systems, reducing the pressure on hydrocarbons and lowering the costs of electrical components. The economies of scale necessitated by the automotive industry will help contain costs in the aviation sector as well. The use of electric propulsion in airplanes is not a new phenomenon. However, it is only recently that it has taken off in a concrete manner with a viable commercial future. The Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future reviews the history of this field, discusses the key underlying technologies, and describes how the future for these technologies will likely unfold, distinguishing between all-electric (AE) and hybrid-electric (HE) architectures. Written by Dr. Ravi Rajamani, it covers the essential information needed to understand this new technology wave taking hold in the aerospace industry. The Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future covers fundamental topics such as: • The history of electric propulsion, including its evolution from using traditional electricity, to solar power to batteries as sources to sustain propulsion and flight. • The various architectures being considered for electric aircraft, specifically small general aviation (GA) aircraft and larger business jets; single-aisle commercial aircraft; and larger twin-aisle commercial aircraft. • The various systems and subsystems of an electric aircraft, along with how various subsystems in the vehicle can be integrated in a more optimal manner. In the future, the existing tube-and-wing configuration will not be the only available architecture; instead we will be more likely to find an architecture where the propulsion system is embedded within the airframe. • The future trends in this arena and what we can expect to see in the next decade or so.

Prognostics and Health Management of Engineering Systems
Prognostics and Health Management of Engineering Systems

Author: Nam-Ho Kim

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-24

Total Pages: 355

ISBN-13: 3319447424

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This book introduces the methods for predicting the future behavior of a system’s health and the remaining useful life to determine an appropriate maintenance schedule. The authors introduce the history, industrial applications, algorithms, and benefits and challenges of PHM (Prognostics and Health Management) to help readers understand this highly interdisciplinary engineering approach that incorporates sensing technologies, physics of failure, machine learning, modern statistics, and reliability engineering. It is ideal for beginners because it introduces various prognostics algorithms and explains their attributes, pros and cons in terms of model definition, model parameter estimation, and ability to handle noise and bias in data, allowing readers to select the appropriate methods for their fields of application.Among the many topics discussed in-depth are:• Prognostics tutorials using least-squares• Bayesian inference and parameter estimation• Physics-based prognostics algorithms including nonlinear least squares, Bayesian method, and particle filter• Data-driven prognostics algorithms including Gaussian process regression and neural network• Comparison of different prognostics algorithms divThe authors also present several applications of prognostics in practical engineering systems, including wear in a revolute joint, fatigue crack growth in a panel, prognostics using accelerated life test data, fatigue damage in bearings, and more. Prognostics tutorials with a Matlab code using simple examples are provided, along with a companion website that presents Matlab programs for different algorithms as well as measurement data. Each chapter contains a comprehensive set of exercise problems, some of which require Matlab programs, making this an ideal book for graduate students in mechanical, civil, aerospace, electrical, and industrial engineering and engineering mechanics, as well as researchers and maintenance engineers in the above fields.

Cognitive Analytics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications
Cognitive Analytics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author: Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2020-03-06

Total Pages: 1961

ISBN-13: 1799824616

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Due to the growing use of web applications and communication devices, the use of data has increased throughout various industries, including business and healthcare. It is necessary to develop specific software programs that can analyze and interpret large amounts of data quickly in order to ensure adequate usage and predictive results. Cognitive Analytics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications provides emerging perspectives on the theoretical and practical aspects of data analysis tools and techniques. It also examines the incorporation of pattern management as well as decision-making and prediction processes through the use of data management and analysis. Highlighting a range of topics such as natural language processing, big data, and pattern recognition, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for information technology professionals, software developers, data analysts, graduate-level students, researchers, computer engineers, software engineers, IT specialists, and academicians.

Structural Health Monitoring
Structural Health Monitoring

Author: Daniel Balageas

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-01-05

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 0470394404

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This book is organized around the various sensing techniques used to achieve structural health monitoring. Its main focus is on sensors, signal and data reduction methods and inverse techniques, which enable the identification of the physical parameters, affected by the presence of the damage, on which a diagnostic is established. Structural Health Monitoring is not oriented by the type of applications or linked to special classes of problems, but rather presents broader families of techniques: vibration and modal analysis; optical fibre sensing; acousto-ultrasonics, using piezoelectric transducers; and electric and electromagnetic techniques. Each chapter has been written by specialists in the subject area who possess a broad range of practical experience. The book will be accessible to students and those new to the field, but the exhaustive overview of present research and development, as well as the numerous references provided, also make it required reading for experienced researchers and engineers.

Integrated System Health Management
Integrated System Health Management

Author: Jiuping Xu

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2017-05-18

Total Pages: 473

ISBN-13: 012813268X

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ISHM is an innovative combination of technologies and methods that offers solutions to the reliability problems caused by increased complexities in design, manufacture, use conditions, and maintenance. Its key strength is in the successful integration of reliability (quantitative estimation of successful operation or failure), "diagnosibility" (ability to determine the fault source), and maintainability (how to maintain the performance of a system in operation). It draws on engineering issues such as advanced sensor monitoring, redundancy management, probabilistic reliability theory, artificial intelligence for diagnostics and prognostics, and formal validation methods, but also "quasi-technical" techniques and disciplines such as quality assurance, systems architecture and engineering, knowledge capture, information fusion, testability and maintainability, and human factors. This groundbreaking book defines and explains this new discipline, providing frameworks and methodologies for implementation and further research. Each chapter includes experiments, numerical examples, simulations and case studies. It is the ideal guide to this crucial topic for professionals or researchers in aerospace systems, systems engineering, production engineering, and reliability engineering. - Solves prognostic information selection and decision-level information fusion issues - Presents integrated evaluation methodologies for complex aerospace system health conditions and software system reliability assessment - Proposes a framework to perform fault diagnostics with a distributed intelligent agent system and a data mining approach for multistate systems - Explains prognostic methods that combine both the qualitative system running state prognostics and the quantitative remaining useful life prediction

Prognostics
Prognostics

Author: Kai Goebel

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2017-04-03

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 9781539074830

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Prognostics is the science of making predictions of engineering systems. It is part of a suite of techniques that determine whether a system is behaving within nominal operational performance and - if it does not - that determine what is wrong and how long it will take until the system no longer fulfills certain functional requirements. This book presents the latest developments and research findings on the topic of prognostics by the Prognostics Center of Excellence at NASA Ames Research Center. The book is intended to provide a practitioner with an understanding of the foundational concepts as well as practical tools to perform prognostics and health management on different types of engineering systems and in particular to predict remaining useful life.

Aircraft Landing Gear Design
Aircraft Landing Gear Design

Author: Norman S. Currey

Publisher: AIAA

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9781600860188

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This is the only book available today that covers military and commercial aircraft landing gear design. It is a comprehensive text that will lead students and engineers from the initial concepts of landing gear design through final detail design. The book provides a vital link in landing gear design technology from historical practices to modern design trends, and it considers the necessary airfield interface with landing gear design. The text is backed up by calculations, specifications, references, working examples.

Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control and Guidance for Aerospace Vehicles
Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control and Guidance for Aerospace Vehicles

Author: Ali Zolghadri

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-07

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 1447153138

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Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control and Guidance for Aerospace demonstrates the attractive potential of recent developments in control for resolving such issues as flight performance, self protection and extended-life structures. Importantly, the text deals with a number of practically significant considerations: tuning, complexity of design, real-time capability, evaluation of worst-case performance, robustness in harsh environments, and extensibility when development or adaptation is required. Coverage of such issues helps to draw the advanced concepts arising from academic research back towards the technological concerns of industry. Initial coverage of basic definitions and ideas and a literature review gives way to a treatment of electrical flight control system failures: oscillatory failure, runaway, and jamming. Advanced fault detection and diagnosis for linear and linear-parameter-varying systems are described. Lastly recovery strategies appropriate to remaining actuator/sensor/communications resources are developed. The authors exploit experience gained in research collaboration with academic and major industrial partners to validate advanced fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control techniques with realistic benchmarks or real-world aeronautical and space systems. Consequently, the results presented in Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control and Guidance for Aerospace, will be of interest in both academic and aerospatial-industrial milieux.