Shadow Education

Shadow Education

Author: Mark Bray

Publisher: Asian Development Bank

Published: 2012-05-01

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 9290926597

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In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.


Myanmar’s Education Reforms

Myanmar’s Education Reforms

Author: Marie Lall

Publisher: UCL Press

Published: 2020-11-02

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 1787353699

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This book reviews the state of education in Myanmar over the past decade and a half as the country is undergoing profound albeit incomplete transformation. Set within the context of Myanmar’s peace process and the wider reforms since 2012, Marie Lall’s analysis of education policy and practice serves as a case study on how the reform programme has evolved. Drawing on over 15 years of field research carried out across Myanmar, the book offers a cohesive inquiry into government and non-government education sectors, the reform process, and how the transition has played out across schools, universities and wider society. It casts scrutiny on changes in basic education, the alternative monastic education, higher education and teacher education, and engages with issues of ethnic education and the debate on the role of language and the local curriculum as part of the peace process. In so doing, it gives voice to those most affected by the changing landscape of Myanmar’s education and wider reform process: the students and parents of all ethnic backgrounds, teachers, teacher trainees and university staff that are rarely heard.


Comparative Models of Development

Comparative Models of Development

Author: Howard J. Wiarda Ph.D.

Publisher: iUniverse

Published: 2017-09-05

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 1532028571

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Howard J. Wiarda, who was the Dean Rusk Professor of International Relations at the School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Georgia, outlines a paradigm shift in world politics that has been driven by two overarching trends: the shift from a U.S. and Western-favored model of development to different models and the decline of a Western system of world order. In examining these two trends, he seeks to answer questions such as: Why are the gaps increasing rather than shrinking between the rich and the poor, both within countries and between the developed countries and developing ones? Why have some countries and regions adapted to the newer pressures of globalization, democratization, and new markets, and others have not? Why does the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and much of Latin America still lag behind while others are forging ahead? By taking a regional view of development and international relations, the author challenges the view that one theoretical framework can explain the economic, social, and foreign policy approaches of all countries.


Managing Policy Reform

Managing Policy Reform

Author: Derick W. Brinkerhoff

Publisher: Kumarian Press

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 1565491424

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* A toolbox for designing, managing, and influencing policy reform in government and civil society * Based on experience in over 40 countries This comprehensive book provides concepts and tools to navigate the "how" of policy change in order to enhance democratic governance. It teaches decision-makers how to implement policy more effectively and increase performance feasibility of these reforms. The research--part of the USAID Implementing Policy Change Project--stems from work with government officials, private sector entrepreneurs, and civil society groups, from regional to national and local levels in over 40 countries. The book includes dynamic tools for designing, managing, and influencing policy reforms in government, donor agencies, NGOs, civil society groups, and the private sector.


Rising Powers and Peacebuilding

Rising Powers and Peacebuilding

Author: Charles T Call

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-29

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 3319606212

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This edited volume examines the policies and practices of rising powers on peacebuilding. It analyzes how and why their approaches differ from those of traditional donors and multilateral institutions. The policies of the rising powers towards peacebuilding may significantly influence how the UN and others undertake peacebuilding in the future. This book is an invaluable resource for practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students who want to understand how peacebuilding is likely to evolve over the next decades.


Global Trends 2040

Global Trends 2040

Author: National Intelligence Council

Publisher: Cosimo Reports

Published: 2021-03

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 9781646794973

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"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.


The Hidden History of Burma: Race, Capitalism, and the Crisis of Democracy in the 21st Century

The Hidden History of Burma: Race, Capitalism, and the Crisis of Democracy in the 21st Century

Author: Thant Myint-U

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2019-11-12

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 1324003308

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A New York Times Critics' Top Book of 2019 A Foreign Affairs Best Book of 2020 “An urgent book.” —Jennifer Szalai, New York Times During a century of colonialism, Burma was plundered for its natural resources and remade as a racial hierarchy. Over decades of dictatorship, it suffered civil war, repression, and deep poverty. Today, Burma faces a mountain of challenges: crony capitalism, exploding inequality, rising ethnonationalism, extreme racial violence, climate change, multibillion dollar criminal networks, and the power of China next door. Thant Myint-U shows how the country’s past shapes its recent and almost unbelievable attempt to create a new democracy in the heart of Asia, and helps to answer the big questions: Can this multicultural country of 55 million succeed? And what does Burma’s story really tell us about the most critical issues of our time?


Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform

Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform

Author:

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 0821368915

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"Analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms plays an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing and transitional countries, promoting evidence-based policy choices and fostering debate on policy reform options. International agencies and national partners are increasingly encouraging a more systematic application of policy reform analysis. Requisite to a systematic application is capacity building within countries as well as within donor agencies." "Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform: A Sourcebook for Development Practitioners contributes to this agenda by introducing a framework and a set of practical tools that analyze the institutional, political, and social dimensions of policy design and implementation. The authors fill a perceived gap in knowledge of the application of social tools and complement existing guidance on conventional economic analysis of distributional impacts of reform." "This book will be of interest to commissioners and practitioners working in policy analysis in a range of areas - including macroeconomic, sectoral, and public sector policy - that are subject to ongoing policy reform discussions."--BOOK JACKET.


Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms

Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms

Author: Aline Coudouel

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 9780821364864

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Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is an approach used increasingly by governments, civil society organizations, the World Bank, and other development partners to examine the distributional impacts of policy reforms on the well-being of different stakeholders groups, particularly the poor and vulnerable. PSIA has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries because it promotes evidence-based policy choices and fosters debate on policy reform options. 'Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Reforms' presents a collection of case studies that illustrate the spectrum of sectors and policy reforms to which PSIA can be applied; it also elaborates on the broad range of analytical tools and techniques that can be used for PSIA. The case studies provide examples of the impact that PSIA can have on the design of policy reforms and draw operational lessons for PSIA implementation. The case studies deal largely with policy reforms in a single sector, such as agriculture (crop marketing boards in Malawi and Tanzania and cotton privatization in Tajikistan); energy (mining sector in Romania and oil subsidies in Ghana); utilities (power sector reform in Ghana, Rwanda, and transition economies, and water sector reform in Albania); social sectors (education reform in Mozambique and social welfare reform in Sri Lanka); taxation reform (Nicaragua); as well as macroeconomic modeling (Burkina Faso).


China’s Grand Strategy

China’s Grand Strategy

Author: Andrew Scobell

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2020-07-27

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 1977404200

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To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.