This book presents a new perspective on the social milieu of the Early and Middle Neolithic in Central Europe as viewed through relations between humans and animals, food acquisition and consumption, as well as refuse disposal practices. Based on animal bone assemblages from a wide range of sites from a period of over 2,000 years originating in both the North European Plain lowlands and the loess uplands, the evidence explored in the book represents the Linear Band Pottery Culture (LBK), the Lengyel Culture, and the Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) allowing us to follow the dynamic development of early farmers from their emergence in the area north of the Carpathians up to their consolidation and stabilization in this new territory.
Presenting 12 papers from the Neolithic Studies Group seminar on the subject of animals in the Neolithic, this book aims to cover a range of approaches to animals in the Neolithic, discussing both wild and domestic animals and focuses on their social as well as economic roles.
Book review of: Placing animals in the Neolithic : social zooarchaeology of prehistoric farming communities / Arkadiusz Marciniak. London : UCL ; Portland : Cavendish Pub., c2005.
The domestication of plants and animals was one of the greatest steps forward taken by mankind. Although it was first achieved long ago, we still need to know what led to it and how, and even when, it took place. Only when we have this understanding will we be able to appreciate fully the important social and economic consequences of this step. Even more important, an understanding of this achievement is basic to any insight into modern man's relationship to his habitat. In the last decade or two a change in methods of investigating these events has taken place, due to the mutual realization by archaeologists and natural scientists that each held part of the key and neither alone had the whole. Inevitably, perhaps, the floodgate that was opened has resulted in a spate of new knowledge, which is scattered in the form of specialist reports in diverse journals. This volume results from presentations at the Institute of Archaeology, London University, discussing the domestication and exploitation of plants and animals. Workers in the archaeological, anthropological, and biological fields attempted to bridge the gap between their respective disciplines through personal contact and discussion. Modern techniques and the result of their application to the classical problems of domestication, selection, and spread of cereals and of cattle were discussed, but so were comparable problems in plants and animals not previously considered in this context. Although there were differing opinions on taxonomic classification, the editors have standardized and simplified the usage throughout this book. In particular, they have omitted references to authorities and adopted the binomial classification for both botanical and zoological names. They followed this procedure in all cases except where sub-specific differences are discussed and also standardized orthography of sites.
Animals have played a fundamental role in shaping human history, and the study of their remains from archaeological sites - zooarchaeology - has gradually been emerging as a powerful discipline and crucible for forging an understanding of our past. This Handbook offers a cutting-edge, global compendium of zooarchaeology that seeks to provide a holistic view of the role played by animals in past human cultures. Case studies from across five continents explore ahuge range of human-animal interactions from an array of geographical, historical, and cultural contexts, and also illuminate the many approaches and methods adopted by different schools and traditions instudying these relationships.
Animals and Human Society provides a solid, scientific, research-based background to advance understanding of how animals impact humans. Animals have had profound effects on people from the earliest times, ranging from zoonotic diseases, to the global impact of livestock, poultry and fish production, to the influences of human-associated animals on the environment (on extinctions, air and water pollution, greenhouse gases, etc.), to the importance of animals in human evolution and hunter -gatherer communities.As a resource for both science and non-science, Animals and Human Society can be used as a text for courses in Animals and Human Society or Animal Science, or as supplemental material for Introduction to Animal Science. It offers foundational background to those who may have little background in animal agriculture and have focused interest on companion animals and horses. The work introduces livestock production (including poultry and aquaculture) but also includes coverage of companion and lab animals. In addition, animal behavior and animal perception are covered.Animals and Human Society is likewise an excellent resource for researchers, academics, or students newly entering a related field or coming from another discipline and needing foundational information, as well as interested laypersons looking to augment their knowledge on the many impacts of animals in human society. Features research-based and pedagogically sound content, with learning goals and textboxes to provide key information Challenges readers to consider issues based on facts rather than polemics Poses ethical questions and raises overall societal impacts Balances traditional animal science with companion animals, animal biology, zoonotic diseases, animal products, environmental impacts and all aspects of human/animal interaction
This dissertation sits at the confluence of social zooarchaeology and multispecies studies. It is a reexamination of Neolithic society that attempts to move past the technocratic and anthropocentric narratives that have come to dominate Neolithic research, by affording animals subjective agency in one of the most important mechanisms of social reproduction-place making. Neolithic places, which I argue emerge through the interaction between humans, animals, and the environment, are the constituent elements in a social landscape that changed dynamically as Neolithic communities spread throughout southeastern Europe. This process, typically referred to as neolithization, has recently been cast in purely adaptive terms, with animal communities regarded as tools to cope with novel environmental niches. This dissertation argues that neolithization is driven at least in part by the need and or desires of both humans and animals to respond to one another's unique physiologies and intentionalities. Thus, it does not deny the critical role played by environment in the spread of a farming lifestyle throughout Europe, but rather considers it one variable in a complex web of interorganismal entanglements that made the Neolithic a highly contingent phenomenon. To accomplish this goal, this dissertation draws upon bodies of thought in anthropology, geography, and landscape archaeology to lay out the datasets relevant to an understanding of mutually produced places. Separated into two broad groupings that I label "spatial" and "social", these data include the faunal remains themselves and their derived taxonomic, element, and demographic profiles as well as isotopic data from bone collagen and dental enamel from domestic herbivores. Taken together, these data allow for an investigation of animal places-in the physical sense of their locations in the landscape at various times of the year-and their places in the social and symbolic order of the Neolithic. As a result of the analysis provided in this dissertation, several things can be said about animal places during the Neolithic in the Sofia Basin. The frequency, intensity, timing, and location of human encounters with different species, both domestic and wild, are laid out using these data and the implications for human-animal interaction are explored.
This volume tackles the fundamental and broad-scale questions concerning the spread of early animal herding from its origins in the Near East into Europe beginning in the mid-10th millennium BC. Original work by more than 30 leading international researchers synthesizes of our current knowledge about the origins and spread of animal domestication. In this comprehensive book, the zooarchaeological record and discussions of the evolution and development of Neolithic stock-keeping take center stage in the debate over the profound effects of the Neolithic revolution on both our biological and cultural evolution.
Taphonomic studies are a major methodological advance, the effects of which have been felt throughout archaeology. Zooarchaeologists and archaeobotanists were the first to realise how vital it was to study the entire process of how food enters the archaeological record, and taphonomy brought to a close the era when the study of animal bones and plant remains from archaeological sites were regarded mainly as environmental indicators. This volume is indicative of recent developments in taphonomic studies: hugely diverse research areas are being explored, many of which would have been totally unforeseeable only a quarter of a century ago.
