PI3K and AKT Isoforms in Immunity
PI3K and AKT Isoforms in Immunity

Author: Margarita Dominguez-Villar

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-10-15

Total Pages: 462

ISBN-13: 3031065662

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This book provides an essential overview of the role of phosphoinositide-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) isoforms in modulating the function of immune system cells and their involvement in disease. PI3K is a family of kinases involved in basic cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and cell death. Recent work has highlighted the multiple roles of PI3K classes and subunits and their involvement in the immune response to the body’s own and foreign antigens and diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. This book offers a detailed introduction to the biology of the three PI3K classes, followed by an extensive discussion of the diverse roles of AKT and PI3K isoforms in immune cells. Based on this knowledge, it subsequently explains in more detail how specific isoforms are connected to immune-mediated diseases. The book concludes by highlighting the latest advances in the production of isoform-specific inhibitors and their use in various human diseases. This book is intended as a reference guide for students and researchers interested in the multifaceted aspects of PI3K biology.

PI3K signalling
PI3K signalling

Author: Klaus Okkenhaug

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-03-05

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 2889194191

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The PI3Ks control many key functions in immune cells. PI3Ks phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Initially, PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin, LY294002 and Rapamycin were used to establish a central role for Pi3K pathway in immune cells. Considerable progress in understanding the role of this pathway in cells of the immune system has been made in recent years, starting with analysis of various PI3K and Pten knockout mice and subsequently mTOR and Foxo knockout mice. Together, these experiments have revealed how PI3Ks control B cell and T cell development, T helper cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, B cell and T cell trafficking, immunoglobulin class switching and much, much more. The PI3Kd inhibitor idelalisib has recently been approved for the treatment of B cell lymphoma. Clinical trials of other PI3K inhibitors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are also in progress. This is an opportune time to consider a Research Topic considering when what we have learned about the PI3K signalling module in lymphocyte biology and how this is making an impact on clinical immunology and haematology.

Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death
Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death

Author: Ayse Basak Engin

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-04

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 3030498441

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Protein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information. Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Role of Metabolism in Regulating Immune Cell Fate Decisions
Role of Metabolism in Regulating Immune Cell Fate Decisions

Author: Anna Ohradanova-Repic

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-05-26

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 2889637212

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We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.

Mosaicism in Human Skin
Mosaicism in Human Skin

Author: Rudolf Happle

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-11-24

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 3030899373

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This second edition offers a fully revised and updated work on a rapidly growing field of knowledge, and was prepared by two experts whose goal was to explain the molecular basis of mosaic skin disorders in a language that is accessible for practicing physicians and medical students alike. It presents a timely and comprehensive overview of the strikingly manifold patterns and peculiarities of mosaic skin disorders in a straightforward, reader-friendly way that will help physicians to further improve genetic counseling and treatment outcomes. The first two parts of the book are devoted to the mechanisms and patterns of cutaneous mosaicism, and include an explanation of genomic and epigenetic mosaicism and a description of the archetypical segmental patterns including the lines of Blaschko and the flag-like, phylloid and lateralization pattern, the non-segmental pattern of large congenital melanocytic nevi, and the sash-like arrangement as noted in a particular type of cutis tricolor. The concept of lethal mutations surviving as mosaics has now been confirmed by molecular analysis in many sporadically occurring phenotypes. The difference between monoallelic and biallelic traits has deepened our understanding of hereditary mosaics, especially of multiple benign skin tumors. Moreover, recognition of the fundamental difference between the simple segmental and the superimposed types of mosaicism is important for the purpose of genetic counseling. In the third part, the various mosaic skin disorders are examined in depth, including nevi, didymotic disorders, other binary genodermatoses, mosaic manifestations of autosomal skin disorders, and nevoid skin disorders such as phenotypes reflecting functional X-chromosome mosaicism or a superimposed mosaic manifestation of common skin diseases with a polygenic background. Reader-friendly and clearly structured, Mosaicism in Human Skin will appeal to both experienced dermatologists and residents in training, as well as to medical geneticists and pediatricians.

Targeted Antigen Delivery: Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Targeted Antigen Delivery: Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Author: Bénédicte Manoury

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2019-05-15

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 2889458334

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The most efficient way to mount a sustained immune response is to target antigens to antigen presenting cells that trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. A comprehensive view of the current approaches to the design of new antigenic formulations will enhance our understanding and perspective of targeted immunotherapy. The aim of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of the currently adopted targeting strategies by a collection of articles on: 1.Novel approaches of antigen targeting for immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer and/or infectious diseases. 2. Diversity and biology of dendritic cell subsets in human and mouse. 3. Combined strategies for the delivery of antigens and adjuvant molecules that stimulate innate immune responses and their influence on the quality of immune responses. 4. Impact of the receptor mediate intracellular trafficking on antigen presentation.

Leong's Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology
Leong's Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology

Author: Runjan Chetty

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-11-28

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 1316592065

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Providing a unique A-Z guide to antibodies for immunohistology, this is an indispensable source for pathologists to ensure the correct application of immunohistochemistry in daily practice. Each entry includes commercial sources, clones, descriptions of stained proteins/epitopes, the full staining spectrum of normal and tumor tissues, staining pattern and cellular localization, the range of conditions of immunoreactivity, and pitfalls of the antibody's immunoprofile, giving pathologists a truly thorough quick-reference guide to sources, preparation and applications of specific antibodies. Appendices provide useful quick-reference tables of antibody panels for differential diagnoses, as well as summaries of diagnostic applications. Expanded from previous editions with over forty new entries, this handbook for diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and research applications of antibodies is an essential desktop book for practicing pathologists as well as researchers, residents and trainees.

Genetics of Melanoma
Genetics of Melanoma

Author: Carlos A. Torres-Cabala

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-05-11

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 1493935542

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This book discusses the molecular, biological, pathological, and clinical aspects of melanoma, with special emphasis in the new concepts of melanoma genetics. A multidisciplinary group of experts in Genetics, Dermatology, Pathology, and Melanoma Medical Oncology contribute state-of-the-art knowledge in melanoma research and clinical management, not only exposing the current status of knowledge of the topics but also providing their personal experiences and ideas about the future and potential practical application of the genetic aspects of melanoma. During the last few years we have witnessed an impressive amount of discoveries in the field of melanoma genetics which have changed our approach in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of this lethal disease. Genetics of Melanoma is a practical approach to melanoma genetic mechanisms and their application in the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy. It is an essential source of updated information and a powerful tool for clinicians, pathologists, and basic scientists who wish to understand, apply, and investigate the multiple new aspects of melanoma genetics.