Crystallography is one of the most multidisciplinary sciences, with roots in fields as varied as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, computation and earth and planetary science. The structural knowledge gained from crystallography has been instrumental in acquiring new levels of understanding in numerous scientific areas. P
Clear, concise explanation of logical development of basic crystallographic concepts. Topics include crystals and lattices, symmetry, x-ray diffraction, and more. Problems, with answers. 114 illustrations. 1969 edition.
The book describes phasing techniques in modern crystallography. The main text is dedicated to their simple description, and further mathematical details are contained in the appendices. Practical aspects are described for each specific method, making it a useful tool for the daily work of practising crystallographers.
The study of crystal structures has had an ever increasing impact on many fields of science such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, pharmacy, metallurgy, mineralogy and geology. Particularly, with the advent of direct methods of structure determination, the data on crystal structures are accumulating at an unbelievable pace and it becomes more and more difficult to oversee this wealth of data. A crude rationalization of the structures of organic compounds and the atom coordinations can be made with the well-known Kekule model, however, no such generally applicable model exists for the structures of inorganiC and particularly intermetallic compounds. There is a need to rationalize the inorganic crystal structures, to find better ways of describing them, of denoting the geometrical relationships between them, of elucidating the electronic factors and of explaining the bonding between the atoms with the aim of not only having a better understanding of the known structures, but also of predicting structural features of new compounds.
Computational Studies of Crystal Structure and Bonding, by Angelo Gavezzotti Cryo-Crystallography: Diffraction at Low Temperature and More, by Piero Macchi High-Pressure Crystallography, by Malcolm I. McMahon Chemical X-Ray Photodiffraction: Principles, Examples, and Perspectives, by Panče Naumov Powder Diffraction Crystallography of Molecular Solids, by Kenneth D. M. Harris
This book highlights the current state-of-the-art regarding the application of applied crystallographic methodologies for understanding, predicting and controlling the transformation from the molecular to crystalline state with the latter exhibiting pre-defined properties. This philosophy is built around the fundamental principles underpinning the three inter-connected themes of Form (what), Formation (how) and Function (why). Topics covered include: molecular and crystal structure, chirality and ferromagnetism, supramolecular assembly, defects and reactivity, morphology and surface energetics. Approaches for preparing crystals and nano-crystals with novel physical, chemical and mechanical properties include: crystallisation, seeding, phase diagrams, polymorphic control, chiral separation, ultrasonic techniques and mechano-chemistry. The vision is realised through examination of a range of advanced analytical characterisation techniques including in-situ studies. The work is underpinned through an unprecedented structural perspective of molecular features, solid-state packing arrangements and surface energetics as well as in-situ studies. This work will be of interest to researchers, industrialists, intellectual property specialists and policy makers interested in the latest developments in the design and supply of advanced high added-value organic solid-form materials and product composites.
This book aims to explain how and why the detailed three-dimensional architecture of molecules can be determined by an analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained when X rays or neutrons are scattered by the atoms in single crystals. Part 1 deals with the nature of the crystalline state, diffraction generally, and diffraction by crystals in particular, and, briefly, the experimental procedures that are used. Part II examines the problem of converting the experimentally obtained data into a model of the atomic arrangement that scattered these beams. Part III is concerned with the techniques for refining the approximate structure to the degree warranted by the experimental data. It also describes the many types of information that can be learned by modern crystal structure analysis. There is a glossary of terms used and several appendixes to which most of the mathematical details have been relegated.
This book on liquid crystals reports on the new perspectives that have been brought about by the recent expansion of frontiers and overhaul of common beliefs. First, it explores the interaction of light with mesophases, when the light or matter is endowed with topological defects. It goes on to show how electrophoresis, electro-osmosis and the swimming of flagellated bacteria are affected by the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals. It also reports on the recent progress in the understanding of thermomechanical and thermohydrodynamical effects in cholesterics and deformed nematics and refutes the common belief that these effects could explain Lehmann’s observations of the rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. It then studies the physics of the dowser texture, which has remarkable properties. This is of particular interest in regards to nematic monopoles, which can easily be generated, set into motion and collided within it. Finally, this book deals with the spontaneous emergence of chirality in nematics made of achiral molecules, and provides a brief historical context of chirality
By choosing an approach that avoids undue emphasis on the mathematics involved, this book gives practical advice on topics such as growing crystals, solving and refining structures, and understanding and using the results.
