Organic Bioelectronics for Neurotransmitter Release at the Speed of Life

Organic Bioelectronics for Neurotransmitter Release at the Speed of Life

Author: Theresia Arbring Sjöström

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2020-12-07

Total Pages: 77

ISBN-13: 9179297552

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The signaling dynamics in neuronal networks includes processes ranging from lifelong neuromodulation to direct synaptic neurotransmission. In chemical synapses, the time delay it takes to pass a signal from one neuron to the next lasts for less than a millisecond. At the post-synaptic neuron, further signaling is either up- or down-regulated, dependent on the specific neurotransmitter and receptor. While this up- and down-regulation of signals usually runs perfectly well and enables complex performance, even a minor dysfunction of this signaling system can cause major complications, in the shape of neurological disorders. The field of organic bioelectronics has the ability to interface neurons with high spatiotemporal recording and stimulation techniques. Local chemical stimulation, i.e. local release of neurotransmitters, enables the possibility of artificially altering the chemical environment in dysfunctional signaling pathways to regain or restore neural function. To successfully interface the biological nervous system with electronics, a range of demands must be met. Organic bioelectronic techniques and materials are capable of reaching the demands on the biological as well as the electronic side of the interface. These demands span from high performance biocompatible materials, to miniaturized and specific device architectures, and high dose control on demand within milliseconds. The content of this thesis is a continuation of the development of organic bioelectronic devices for neurotransmitter delivery. Organic materials are utilized to electrically control the dose of charged neurotransmitters by translating electric charge into controlled artificial release. The first part of the thesis, Papers 1 and 2, includes further development of the resistor-type release device called the organic electronic ion pump. This part includes material evaluation, microfluidic incorporation, and device design considerations. The aim for the second part of this thesis, Papers 3 and 4, is to enhance temporal performance, i.e. reduce the delay between electrical signal and neurotransmitter delivery to corresponding delay in biological neural signaling, while retaining tight dosage control. Diffusion of neurotransmitters between nerve cells is a slow process, but since it is restricted to short distances, the total time delay is short. In our organic bioelectronic devices, several orders of magnitude in speed can be gained by switching from lateral to vertical delivery geometries. This is realized by two different types of vertical diodes combined with a lateral preload and waste configuration. The vertical diode assembly was further expanded with a control electrode that enables individual addressing in each of several combined release sites. These integrated circuits allow for release of neurotransmitters with high on/off release ratios, approaching delivery times on par with biological neurotransmission.


Wearable Bioelectronics

Wearable Bioelectronics

Author: Anthony P.F. Turner

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-11-26

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 0081024088

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Wearable Bioelectronics presents the latest on physical and (bio)chemical sensing for wearable electronics. It covers the miniaturization of bioelectrodes and high-throughput biosensing platforms while also presenting a systemic approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications. The book addresses the fundamentals, materials, processes and devices for wearable bioelectronics, showcasing key applications, including device fabrication, manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Topics covered include self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors, epidermal electronics and other exciting applications. - Includes comprehensive and systematic coverage of the most exciting and promising bioelectronics, processes for their fabrication, and their applications in healthcare - Reviews innovative applications, such as self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors and electronic skin - Examines and discusses the future of wearable bioelectronics - Addresses the wearable electronics market as a development of the healthcare industry


Advanced Healthcare Materials

Advanced Healthcare Materials

Author: Ashutosh Tiwari

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-05-09

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 1118773683

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Offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials for healthcare technology and applications Advanced healthcare materials are attracting strong interest in fundamental as well as applied medical science and technology. This book summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of advanced materials for functional therapeutics, point-of-care diagnostics, translational materials, and up-and-coming bioengineering devices. Advanced Healthcare Materials highlights the key features that enable the design of stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles, novel biomaterials, and nano/micro devices for either diagnosis or therapy, or both, called theranostics. It also presents the latest advancements in healthcare materials and medical technology. The senior researchers from global knowledge centers have written topics including: State-of-the-art of biomaterials for human health Micro- and nanoparticles and their application in biosensors The role of immunoassays Stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles Diagnosis and treatment of cancer Advanced materials for biomedical application and drug delivery Nanoparticles for diagnosis and/or treatment of Alzheimers disease Hierarchical modelling of elastic behavior of human dental tissue Biodegradable porous hydrogels Hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound care Modified natural zeolites Supramolecular hydrogels based on cyclodextrin poly(pseudo)rotaxane Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based biomaterials Biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymers


Inorganic Nanoparticles

Inorganic Nanoparticles

Author: Claudia Altavilla

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-12-19

Total Pages: 885

ISBN-13: 1351833960

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Among the various nanomaterials, inorganic nanoparticles are extremely important in modern technologies. They can be easily and cheaply synthesized and mass produced, and for this reason, they can also be more readily integrated into applications. Inorganic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives presents an overview of these special materials and explores the myriad ways in which they are used. It addresses a wide range of topics, including: Application of nanoparticles in magnetic storage media Use of metal and oxide nanoparticles to improve performance of oxide thin films as conducting media in commercial gas and vapor sensors Advances in semiconductors for light-emitting devices and other areas related to the energy sector, such as solar energy and energy storage devices (fuel cells, rechargeable batteries, etc.) The expanding role of nanosized particles in the field of catalysis, art conservation, and biomedicine The book’s contributors address the growing global interest in the application of inorganic nanoparticles in various technological sectors. Discussing advances in materials, device fabrication, and large-scale production—all of which are urgently required to reduce global energy demands—they cover innovations in areas such as solid-state lighting, detailing how it still offers higher efficiency but higher costs, compared to conventional lighting. They also address the impact of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, focusing on topics such as quantum dots for bioimaging, nanoparticle-based cancer therapy, drug delivery, antibacterial agents, and more. Fills the informational gap on the wide range of applications for inorganic nanoparticles in areas including biomedicine, electronics, storage media, conservation of cultural heritage, optics, textiles, and cosmetics Assembling work from an array of experts at the top of their respective fields, this book delivers a useful analysis of the vast scope of existing and potential applications for inorganic nanoparticles. Versatile as either a professional research resource or textbook, this effective tool elucidates fundamentals and current advances associated with design, characterization, and application development of this promising and ever-evolving device.


Bioinspired Structures and Design

Bioinspired Structures and Design

Author: Wole Soboyejo

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-09-17

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 1108963447

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Master simple to advanced biomaterials and structures with this essential text. Featuring topics ranging from bionanoengineered materials to bio-inspired structures for spacecraft and bio-inspired robots, and covering issues such as motility, sensing, control and morphology, this highly illustrated text walks the reader through key scientific and practical engineering principles, discussing properties, applications and design. Presenting case studies for the design of materials and structures at the nano, micro, meso and macro-scales, and written by some of the leading experts on the subject, this is the ideal introduction to this emerging field for students in engineering and science as well as researchers.


Nanopharmaceutical Advanced Delivery Systems

Nanopharmaceutical Advanced Delivery Systems

Author: Vivek Dave

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-12-29

Total Pages: 467

ISBN-13: 1119711681

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The book provides a single volume covering detailed descriptions about various delivery systems, their principles and how these are put in use for the treatment of multiple diseases. It is divided into four sections where the first section deals with the introduction and importance of novel drug delivery system. The second section deals with the most advanced drug delivery systems like microbubbles, dendrimers, lipid-based nanoparticles, nanofibers, microemulsions etc., describing the major principles and techniques of the preparations of the drug delivery systems. The third section elaborates on the treatments of diverse diseases like cancer, topical diseases, tuberculosis etc. The fourth and final section provides a brief informative description about the regulatory aspects of novel drug delivery system that is followed in various countries.


Histamine in the brain

Histamine in the brain

Author: Jian-Sheng Lin

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-03-18

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 2889194345

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Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.


Implantable Bioelectronics

Implantable Bioelectronics

Author: Evgeny Katz

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-02-27

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 3527673164

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Here the renowned editor Evgeny Katz has chosen contributions that cover a wide range of examples and issues in implantable bioelectronics, resulting in an excellent overview of the topic. The various implants covered include biosensoric and prosthetic devices, as well as neural and brain implants, while ethical issues, suitable materials, biocompatibility, and energy-harvesting devices are also discussed. A must-have for both newcomers and established researchers in this interdisciplinary field that connects scientists from chemistry, material science, biology, medicine, and electrical engineering.


The Neuron

The Neuron

Author: Irwin B. Levitan

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 640

ISBN-13: 9780195145236

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Intended for use by advanced undergraduate, graduate and medical students, this book presents a study of the unique biochemical and physiological properties of neurons, emphasising the molecular mechanisms that generate and regulate their activity.


Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Repair Strategies

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Repair Strategies

Author: Giuseppe Perale

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2019-10-30

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0081028083

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Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Repair Strategies provides researchers the latest information on potential regenerative approaches to spinal cord injury, specifically focusing on therapeutic approaches that target regeneration, including cell therapies, controlled drug delivery systems, and biomaterials. Dr. Giuseppe Perale and Dr. Filippo Rossi lead a team of authoritative authors in academia and industry in this innovative reference on the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This book presents all the information readers need to understand the current and potential array of techniques, materials, applications and their benefits for spinal cord repair. - Covers current and future repair strategies for spinal cord injury repair - Focuses on key research trends, clinics, biology and engineering - Provides fundamentals on regenerative engineering and tissue engineering