This thought-provoking book expands on the notion that Big Science is not the only term to describe and investigate particularly large research projects, scientific collaborations and facilities. It investigates the significant overlap between Big Science and Research Infrastructures (RIs) in a European context since the early twenty-first century. Contributions to this innovative book not only augment the study of Big Science with new perspectives, but also launch the study of RIs as a promising new line of inquiry.
Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods provides readers with a trove of theoretical and practical insight into how to implement different non-destructive testing methods for effective material characterization. The book starts with an introduction to the field before moving right into a discussion of a wide range of techniques that can be immediately implemented. Various imaging and microscopy techniques are first covered, with step-by-step insights on characterization using a polarized microscope, an atomic force microscope, computed tomography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, infrared tomography, and more. Each chapter includes case studies, applications, and recent developments. From there, elemental assay and mapping techniques are discussed, including Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and various others. The book concludes with sections covering displacement measurement techniques, large-scale facility techniques, and methods involving multiscale analysis and advanced analysis. - Provides an overview of a wide-range of NDT material characterization methods, strengths and weaknesses of these methods, when to apply them, and more - Includes eddy current sensing and imaging, ultrasonic sensing and imaging, RF and THz imaging, internet and cloud-based methods, among many others - Presents case studies, applications and other insights on putting these methods into practice
Revolving around the interaction between spectrometer and target-station design and performance, this volume emphasises the need for feedback that must exist between scientific requirements and source design. It achieves a forum for the sharing of information on the development of spallation neutron sources. Of great value to researchers in condensed matter physics, instrumentation and data processing involved in neutron scattering at pulsed and steady sources.
This book analyses the emergence of a transformed Big Science in Europe and the United States, using both historical and sociological perspectives. It shows how technology-intensive natural sciences grew to a prominent position in Western societies during the post-World War II era, and how their development cohered with both technological and social developments. At the helm of post-war science are large-scale projects, primarily in physics, which receive substantial funds from the public purse. Big Science Transformed shows how these projects, popularly called 'Big Science', have become symbols of progress. It analyses changes to the political and sociological frameworks surrounding publicly-funding science, and their impact on a number of new accelerator and reactor-based facilities that have come to prominence in materials science and the life sciences. Interdisciplinary in scope, this book will be of great interest to historians, sociologists and philosophers of science.
Materials science institutions have always been crucial to the development of materials research. Even before materials science emerged as a discipline in the 20th century, these institutions existed in various forms. They provided specialized facilities for research, educated new generations of researchers, drafted policies and funded programs, enabled valuable connections between research groups, or played any other role which were needed to further the progress of materials science.This volume, the third in a series of volumes covering the development and history of materials science, presents illuminating perspectives on material science institutions. Twenty chapters are organized into six comprehensive parts of which each cover a characteristic aspect or historical feature. True to the topic they write about, the contributors to this volume have varied backgrounds. Some are materials scientists and engineers, but others are historians, philosophers of science, sociologists, or even directors of institutions themselves. This comprehensive, unified collection is a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, academics, policymakers and professionals who are actively interested in materials science and its development from the past to the future.
