A Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) is defined as a risk adjustment model that is used to calculate risk scores to predict future healthcare costs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) CMS-HCC model is used to predict healthcare spending for Medicare Advantage Plan enrollees. The purpose of the scoring model is to adjust capitated payments made to beneficiaries in these plans based on the member's health. HCCs were initially implemented by CMS in 2000 and have been phased in over time. This article will focus on the CMS-HCC model.The model is based on diagnosis codes and includes 79 HCCs. Age, sex, disability, and living circumstances--such as whether the individual is living at home, in a nursing home, or in a long-term care facility--also play a part in the calculations of an HCC.
Risk-adjustment practices consider chronic diseases as predictors of future health care needs and expenses. Correct and detailed documentation and compliant diagnosis coding are critical for proper risk adjustment. Risk Adjustment Documentation & Coding, 2nd Edition provides: Risk-adjustment parameters to improve documentation related to severity of illness and chronic diseases. Code abstraction guidelines and recommendations to improve diagnostic coding accuracy without causing financial harm to the practice or health facility. Chronic disease ICD-10-CM coding summaries for quick reference and study. The impact of risk-adjustment coding (hierarchical condition category (HCC) coding) on a practice should not be underestimated: More than 75 million Americans are enrolled in risk-adjusted insurance plans. This population represents more than 20% of those insured in the United States. Insurance risk pools under the Affordable Care Act include risk adjustment. CMS has proposed expanding audits on risk-adjustment coding. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Five chapters delivering an overview of risk adjustment, common administrative errors, best practices, and guidance for development of internal risk-adjustment coding policies. Ten chronic disease ICD-10-CM coding summaries for quick reference and study. Two appendices offering mappings and tabular information of ICD-10-CM codes that risk-adjust to HCCs and RxHCCs. Learning and design features: Vocabulary terms highlighted within the text and defined at the bottom of the page. "Advice/Alert Notes" that highlight important coding and documentation advice from federal regulatory sources. "Sidebars" that provide derivative story and additional information, such as "Coding Tips" that guide coders with practical advice from sources like AHA's Coding Clinic and cautionary notes about conflicts and exceptions "Clinical Examples" that underscore key documentation issues for risk adjustment "Clinical Coding Examples" that provide snippets or full encounter notes and codes to illustrate risk-adjustment coding and documentation concepts "Documentation tips" that highlight recommendations to physicians regarding what should be included in the medical record or how ICD-10-CM may classify specific terms "Examples" that explain difficult concepts and promote understanding of those concepts as they relate to a section "FYI" call outs that provide quick facts "Abstract & Code It!" exercises that test diagnosis abstraction and coding skills (exclusive to Chapter 4) Extensive end-of-chapter "Evaluate Your Understanding" sections that include multiple-choice questions, true-or false questions, audit and Internet-based exercises. Two downloadable course tests and slide presentations for each chapter. Exclusive content for academic educators: A test bank containing 100 questions and a mock risk-adjustment certification exam with 150 questions.
The Risk Adjustment Coding and HCC Guide brings together hard-to-find information about risk adjustment (RA) coding and hierarchical condition categories (HCCs) in a new comprehensive resource that explains this complex reimbursement methodology. Now your organization will have a guide that provides both the big picture and the fine detail needed to document, code, and report essential information so that accurate risk levels are assigned and appropriate reimbursement received.
These guidelines have been approved by the four organizations that make up the Cooperating Parties for the ICD-10-CM: the American Hospital Association (AHA), the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), CMS, and NCHS. These guidelines are a set of rules that have been developed to accompany and complement the official conventions and instructions provided within the ICD-10-CM itself. The instructions and conventions of the classification take precedence over guidelines. These guidelines are based on the coding and sequencing instructions in the Tabular List and Alphabetic Index of ICD-10-CM, but provide additional instruction. Adherence to these guidelines when assigning ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes is required under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The diagnosis codes (Tabular List and Alphabetic Index) have been adopted under HIPAA for all healthcare settings. A joint effort between the healthcare provider and the coder is essential to achieve complete and accurate documentation, code assignment, and reporting of diagnoses and procedures. These guidelines have been developed to assist both the healthcare provider and the coder in identifying those diagnoses that are to be reported. The importance of consistent, complete documentation in the medical record cannot be overemphasized. Without such documentation accurate coding cannot be achieved. The entire record should be reviewed to determine the specific reason for the encounter and the conditions treated.
This book describes current examination techniques and advanced clinical applications of state-of-the-art multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanners. There are contributions from several distinguished radiologists and clinicians. Each chapter is written from a practical perspective, so that radiologists, residents, medical physicists, and radiology technologists can obtain relevant information about MDCT applications.
Today, switched reluctance machines (SRMs) play an increasingly important role in various sectors due to advantages such as robustness, simplicity of construction, low cost, insensitivity to high temperatures, and high fault tolerance. They are frequently used in fields such as aeronautics, electric and hybrid vehicles, and wind power generation. This book is a comprehensive resource on the design, modeling, and control of SRMs with methods that demonstrate their good performance as motors and generators.
Completely revised new edition of the premier reference on pediatric liver disease. Liver Disease in Children, 3rd Edition provides authoritative coverage of every aspect of liver disease affecting infants, children, and adolescents. The book offers an integrated approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology and charts the substantial progress in understanding and treating these diseases. Chapters are written by international experts and address the unique pathophysiology, manifestations, and management of these disorders in the pediatric population. The third edition has been thoroughly updated and features new contributions on liver development, cholestatic and autoimmune disorders, fatty liver disease, and inborn errors of metabolism. With the continued evolution of pediatric hepatology as a discipline, this text remains an essential reference for all physicians involved in the care of children with liver disease.
Pozar's new edition of Microwave Engineering includes more material on active circuits, noise, nonlinear effects, and wireless systems. Chapters on noise and nonlinear distortion, and active devices have been added along with the coverage of noise and more material on intermodulation distortion and related nonlinear effects. On active devices, there's more updated material on bipolar junction and field effect transistors. New and updated material on wireless communications systems, including link budget, link margin, digital modulation methods, and bit error rates is also part of the new edition. Other new material includes a section on transients on transmission lines, the theory of power waves, a discussion of higher order modes and frequency effects for microstrip line, and a discussion of how to determine unloaded.
This text provides a comprehensive review of ERCP and EUS and the clinical conditions for which they are employed. Presented in a case-based format with accompanying videos, it will serve as a valuable practical clinical resource for gastroenterologists with an interest in ERCP and EUS. The text highlights major techniques involved in ERCP, reviews complications and recent data on preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis, and discusses important issues in training in ERCP including use of endoscopic simulators and assessment of competency as emphasized in the new ACGME guidelines. For biliary diseases, new techniques for managing biliary stones, novel technologies for diagnosing indeterminate biliary strictures, and new devices for treating benign and malignant strictures are also highlighted. For pancreatic diseases, advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques for pancreatic stones and strictures, and management of the complications of pancreatitis are reviewed. Furthermore, ERCP is not limited by age, pregnancy or history of abdominal surgeries and special considerations particular to these patient populations are also discussed. The EUS chapters review the breadth of equipment available for performing EUS and EUS-FNA, detail the technique of performing EUS-FNA, and explore pertinent issues with training and assessing competency analogous to ERCP training. Valuable insights on the basics of cytopathology relevant to the endosonographer are summarized. The classic indication for EUS of staging luminal cancers is examined in detail while pancreaticobiliary indications are discussed highlighting newer adjunctive technologies including elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS. Although in its infancy, the brave new world of therapeutic EUS is explored with a focus on endoscopic necrosectomy, EUS-guided biliary and pancreatic access as well as the exciting possibilities of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation and injection of anti-tumor agents. ERCP and EUS: A Case Based Approach will serve as a very useful resource for physicians who perform or refer patients for ERCP and EUS. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of ERCP and EUS that will help guide patient management and stimulate clinical research.
