Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults
Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults

Author: Fabio Augusto Barbieri

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-02-07

Total Pages: 461

ISBN-13: 3319489801

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This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.

Technology for Adaptive Aging
Technology for Adaptive Aging

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2004-04-25

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 0309091160

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Emerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.

Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book
Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book

Author: Donna J. Cech

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2011-10-05

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 1437715486

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Providing a solid foundation in the normal development of functional movement, Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition helps you recognize and understand movement disorders and effectively manage patients with abnormal motor function. It begins with coverage of basic theory, motor development and motor control, and evaluation of function, then discusses the body systems contributing to functional movement, and defines functional movement outcomes in terms of age, vital functions, posture and balance, locomotion, prehension, and health and illness. This edition includes more clinical examples and applications, and updates data relating to typical performance on standardized tests of balance. Written by physical therapy experts Donna J. Cech and Suzanne "Tink" Martin, this book provides evidence-based information and tools you need to understand functional movement and manage patients' functional skills throughout the life span. Over 200 illustrations, tables, and special features clarify developmental concepts, address clinical implications, and summarize key points relating to clinical practice. A focus on evidence-based information covers development changes across the life span and how they impact function. A logical, easy-to-read format includes 15 chapters organized into three units covering basics, body systems, and age-related functional outcomes respectively. Expanded integration of ICF (International Classification of Function) aligns learning and critical thinking with current health care models. Additional clinical examples help you apply developmental information to clinical practice. Expanded content on assessment of function now includes discussion of participation level standardized assessments and assessments of quality-of-life scales. More concise information on the normal anatomy and physiology of each body system allows a sharper focus on development changes across the lifespan and how they impact function.

Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book
Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span - E-Book

Author: Donna Joy Cech

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2023-11-20

Total Pages: 439

ISBN-13: 0323878954

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Providing a solid foundation in the normal development of functional movement, Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span, 4th Edition helps you recognize and understand typical functional movement in individuals from infancy to older adulthood, providing a framework from which to identify movement disorders and effectively manage patients with abnormal motor function. Divided into three units, this edition describes 1) theoretical frameworks of development, motor control/motor learning, and health/wellness; 2) anatomical and physiological development of the body systems comprising the movement system (muscular, skeletal, cardiopulmonary, nervous, sensory, integumentary, and endocrine); and 3) life span description of the movement functions of posture, balance, locomotion, prehension, and fitness. This edition integrates themes of the movement system, life span development, and health/wellness, providing you with the most current information needed for clinical decision making and to be an effective practitioner. Written by physical therapy experts Donna J. Cech, Suzanne "Tink" Martin, and William Staples, this book provides the evidence-based information and tools needed to understand functional movement and manage patients' functional skills throughout the life span. Dr. Staples brings his expertise in geriatric physical therapy and exercise in aging, enriching content on aging throughout the book. More than 200 illustrations, tables, and special features clarify developmental concepts, address clinical implications, and summarize key points relating to clinical practice. A logical, easy-to-read format includes 13 chapters organized into three units covering the definition of functional movement, movement system contribution to functional movement across the life span, and functional movement outcomes. A focus on evidence-based information covers development changes across the life span and how they impact function. NEW! The movement system framework is incorporated throughout, as well as a focus on health and wellness. NEW! Clinical Implication boxes help you apply information into a clinical framework. Revised content throughout provides you with the most current information needed to be an effective practitioner. Updated references ensure content is current and applicable for today’s practice. NEW! An ebook version is included with print purchase. The ebook allows you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes, and highlights, and have content read aloud.

The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance
The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance

Author: Eric Yiou

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2019-02-08

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 2889457524

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The control of balance by the central nervous system is crucial to maintain our posture and perform efficiently our daily motor tasks. This control requires the development of dynamical phenomena sub-served by highly-coordinated patterns of muscle activation/deactivation disseminated throughout the whole-body and called “postural adjustments”. Establishing the interaction between balance control, locomotion and cognition has important clinical implication, especially in term of falls prevention, and will improve our knowledge on the underlying neural correlates. This Research Topic provides an up-to-date picture of the relationship between postural adjustments, body balance and motor performance in healthy (young and older adults) and pathological participants. It includes 36 contributions (1 editorial, 28 original articles, 4 reviews and 3 methods articles) which are separated into four sections: 1. Postural maintenance and multisensory integration, 2. Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, 3. Postural adjustments associated with predictable and unpredictable external perturbation, 4. Gait assessment and rehabilitation in aging. Beside their basic interest of unveiling the mechanisms behind motor control, results from the investigations of this topic are relevant to develop new methods or tools to improve postural stability and motor performance, with applications in the fields of neurodegenerative conditions, rehabilitation, ergonomics and sports sciences.

Characterizing Change in Postural Stability and Variability During Complex, Whole-body Movements Due to Ageing and Following an Unexpected Loss of Balance
Characterizing Change in Postural Stability and Variability During Complex, Whole-body Movements Due to Ageing and Following an Unexpected Loss of Balance

Author: Andrew Huntley

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This dissertation presents the investigation into volitional movement control during complex, multi-plane tasks from both an ageing and reactive control of posture perspective. While the cause of falls in older adults is multifactorial, recent scientific findings have shown a relationship between falls and improper weight transfers during volitional movements. In the past, balance ability and falls risk has been assessed in both clinical and research settings using relatively simple, single plane tasks despite the fact that many activities of daily living that may result in a fall event involve multiple planes of movement, and thus require a single or multiple weight transfers to complete. Two aims were established; the first was to challenge younger and older adults to complete a series of volitional complex, multi-plane goal-directed tasks and identify any age related differences in the movement control patterns used to execute these tasks at different speeds and with different base of support restrictions. The second aim was to generate a baseline set of data for a group of healthy young adults following a support surface perturbation that required a reactive postural control strategy to maintain balance. The current thesis thus is comprised of four studies. Whole-body stability, variability, and motor coordination aspects of movement control were calculated for all tasks. In general, older adults altered motor control patterns and slowed their movement to maintain consistent stability levels. Baseline data for the healthy young adults found that movement variability was greatest during the trip perturbation however this occurred simultaneously with increased stability preceding the perturbation. Collectively, the current work contributes novel findings to the literature specifically by characterizing age related changes in postural control strategies for complex tasks, including some strategies that may place older adults at risk of being unable to effectively respond to any forthcoming postural perturbations, should they occur. A secondary contribution of this dissertation is the foundation of data for a healthy combined volitional and reactionary control of movement task, which provides the basis of much needed reactive control work in older adults to be undertaken.