Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics
Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics

Author: Giovanni Sanna

Publisher: Imperial College Press

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 1860947409

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Introduction to Molecular Beams Gas Dynamics is devoted to the theory and phenomenology of supersonic molecular beams. The book describes the main physical idea and mathematical methods of the gas dynamics of molecular beams, while the detailed derivation of results and equations is accompanied by an explanation of their physical meaning. Many of the applications of supersonic molecular beams are discussed, including their application to molecular spectroscopy, and the study of surface phonons by monoatomic and monokinetic beams, and the study of intermolecular potentials and the onset of condensation. The phenomenology of supersonic beams can appear complex to those not experienced in supersonic gas dynamics and, as a result, the few existing reviews on the topic generally assume a limited level of knowledge. The book begins with a quantitative description of the fundamental laws of gas dynamics and goes on to explain such phenomena. It analyzes the evolution of the gas jet from the continuum to the regime of almost free collisions between molecules, and includes numerous figures, illustrations, tables and references.

Rarefied Gas Dynamics
Rarefied Gas Dynamics

Author: K Karamcheti

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 562

ISBN-13: 032314618X

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Rarefied Gas Dynamics is a collection of selected papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, held at Stanford University in July 1972. The book is a record of the significant advances in the broad field of Rarefied Gas Dynamics that are considered to be of general and continuing interest. The articles in this compendium are organized under 10 main topics. The text presents research papers on the kinetic theory of gases; studies and experiments on shock structures of gases; use of kinetic theory for the solution of problems in evaporation and condensation; gas expansions and jets; and techniques and methods applied to the study of rarefied gas dynamics. The book also includes works on gas-solid interactions; descriptions of basic notions of current polyatomic gas kinetics; and observation of the gas dynamic phenomena in space. Physicists, aeronautical engineers, mechanical engineers, researchers, and students in the field of aircraft design will find this book a good source of knowledge and information.

Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering
Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering

Author: Frank O. Goodman

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 0323154611

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Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering deals with the dynamics of scattering as inferred from known properties of gases and solids. This book discusses measurements of spatial distributions of scattered atomic and molecular streams, and of the energy and momentum which gas particles exchange at solid surfaces. It also considers two regimes of scattering, both of which are associated with a lower range of incident gas energies: the thermal and structure scattering regimes. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with a brief historical overview of the early experiments that investigated the dynamics of scattering of gases by surfaces. The discussion then turns to some elements of the kinetic theory of gases; intermodular potentials and interaction regimes; and classical-mechanical lattice models used in gas-surface scattering theory. The applications of molecular beams to the study of gas-surface scattering phenomena are also described. The remaining chapters focus on experiments and theories on scattering of molecular streams by surfaces of solids, with emphasis on thermal and structure regimes of inelastic scattering; quantum theory of gas-surface scattering; and quantum mechanical scattering phenomena. This text concludes with an analysis of energy exchange processes that may occur when a solid surface is completely immersed in a still gas. This monograph will be a valuable resource for students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics.

Rarefied Gas Dynamics
Rarefied Gas Dynamics

Author: Andrew D. Ketsdever

Publisher: American Institute of Physics

Published: 2003-05-19

Total Pages: 1118

ISBN-13:

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The papers in these proceedings were peer reviewed. The RGD Symposia are highly inter-disciplinary and encompass all aspects of rarefaction and non-equilibrium phenomena in gases. Rarefied flow phenomena include the mechanics and physics of low density gases and the analysis of flows which take place on a spatial scale comparable to the mean free path of a gas. Topics covered include: Kinetic theory and transport theory; numerical methods including direct simulation Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics; gas-surface phenomena; nano- and microscale flows; molecular beams, atom and molecular optics; clusters and aerosols; external flows including space and vacuum technologies; plume flows; hypersonic flows; molecular collision dynamics; relaxation processes; ionized gas flows; physics of the space environment; plasma processing; experimental techniques; diagnostics including laser induced fluorescence and electron beams; applications. With the increase in space activities and microfabrication capabilities, new themes have emerged including rarefied hypersonic flows, non-equilibrium gases, plasma processing, nano- and micro-scale flows at relatively high pressures, along with parallel and hybrid computational developments. Because the RGD Symposia are recognized as the principle forum for the presentation of recent advances in this field, it is a must for engineers and scientists in a variety of specialties.

Absolute Collisional Excitation Cross Section Measurements Using Crossed Molecular Beams
Absolute Collisional Excitation Cross Section Measurements Using Crossed Molecular Beams

Author: Andrew Freedman

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13:

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The measurement of absolute excitation cross-sections of the asymmetric stretch mode (001) of H20 and C02 for collisions with atomic oxygen is important in understanding the signatures of high-altitude rocket plumes. Experiments are performed in a crossed molecular beam apparatus in which a CVF detector measures the collisionally-induced infrared fluorescent signal. Calibration and testing of the atomic oxygen source was completed. It was installed into the crossed beam apparatus and vacuum tested in preparation for performing the excitation cross-section measurements. Upper limits have been established for the excitation cross sections for the systems 0 + C02 and Ar + C02. The values determined are 0.03A squared for 0 + C02 at 3.85 km/sec and 0.003 A squared for Ar + C02 at 2.27 km/sec. Monte Carlo trajectory analysis of the data provides accurate correction factors to the raw data that account for kinematic and experimental constraints inherent in these measurements. It further shows that measurements near threshold cannot be used to determine the functional energy dependence of the cross section. Further modifications and improvements in the experimental approaches to improve sensitivity will be discussed.

Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry
Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry

Author: Bretislav Friedrich

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-19

Total Pages: 639

ISBN-13: 3030639630

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This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.

Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams I
Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams I

Author: Hans Pauly

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 3662042134

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A consistent, up-to-date description of the extremely manifold and varied experimental techniques which nowadays enable work with neutral particles. Th book lays the physical foundations of the various experimental techniques, which utilize methods from most fields in physics.