Economic Development, the Family, and Income Distribution
Economic Development, the Family, and Income Distribution

Author: Simon Kuznets

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2002-09-12

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 9780521521963

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This is a collection of essays by Simon Kuznets, winner of the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, published posthumously. It represents the primary concerns of his research at a late phase of his career, as well as themes from his earlier work. The first four chapters deal with 'modern economic growth'. Chapters five to seven introduce the main theme of the remainder of the volume: interrelations between demographic change and income inequality. Chapters eight to ten draw on a wider set of data to make comparisons of income inequality among societies at widely different levels of development. Chapter eleven returns to data for the United States to develop more fully the importance of differing childbearing patterns for income inequality. In the introduction Professor Richard Easterlin discusses the relationship of the essays to the balance of Kuznets's writings. In the afterword Professor Robert Fogel discusses the methodologies favoured by Kuznets.

Communities in Action
Communities in Action

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-04-27

Total Pages: 583

ISBN-13: 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Distribution of Wealth – Growing Inequality?
The Distribution of Wealth – Growing Inequality?

Author: Michael Schneider

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2016-11-25

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 1783476443

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This book answers a number of important questions about the distribution of wealth among people and the way that this distribution has changed over time. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the personal distribution of wealth from many dimensions: economic, statistical, ethical, political, sociological and legal. Using data from 21 countries, this book demonstrates how inequality in the distribution of wealth varies between different parts of the world and how it evolves, with particular emphasis on the claim that there has been a long-term and continued increase in inequality since the 1970s in most countries. It discusses alternative ways of measuring the degree of inequality, analyses Thomas Piketty's claim that society has become more unequal in recent decades, and assesses the relative importance of the various determinants of the distribution of wealth. The authors explain why the distribution of wealth is unequal, and discuss how it could be changed with alternative policies and the possible consequences of these policies for economic efficiency. The authors also compare the different distributions of wealth that are implied by alternative views of society. This is a valuable resource for students and academics in economics, political science and sociology seeking a state-of-the-art account of the theory and evidence surrounding inequality in the distribution of wealth.

Income and Wealth Distribution, Inequality and Poverty
Income and Wealth Distribution, Inequality and Poverty

Author: Camilo Dagum

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 427

ISBN-13: 364284250X

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This book deals with the following issues: the analysis, estimation and assessment of alternatived models of income distribution, the specification and evaluation of income inequality measures the analysis and measurement of poverty and its rationale, the scope and methodological power of the social accounting matrix (SAM) in the analysis of the functional and personal distribution of income and the family income multiplier, the study of the source and reliability of income distribution data, the decomposition of income inequality measures, the asymptotic distributions and inferential analysis of income inequalities, and an inquiry on the income distribution and income inequality of Eastern European Countries under socialism. New models on income and wealth distribution are specified and their corresponding properties and goodness of fit are discussed. A multivariate approach to the measurement of poverty is developed and applied, and a compact survey of the literature is presented. The book can be used as a text in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses dealing with the theory, model specifications, methods and applications of income and wealth distribution, income inequality and poverty assessment in measurement and the use of SAMs in the analysis of income distribution.

Measures of Income Inequality are Biased Or Misinterpreted
Measures of Income Inequality are Biased Or Misinterpreted

Author: Ivan Kitov

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 10

ISBN-13:

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We consider definitions and measuring procedures of personal income used by three U.S. agencies as well as the evolution of household size distribution and reveal major quantitative inconsistencies in the reported figures of personal and household inequality. The problem with the inequality estimates reported by the Internal Revenue Service consists in the changing proportion of people with lower incomes. The increasing proportion of low-income population is misinterpreted as the growth in income inequality. The Census Bureau provides personal income distributions scaled from a small subset of households to the whole population. Surprisingly, the Gini coefficient estimated from the Census Bureau data for people with income does not depend on the dramatic change in income definition in 1977, when the share of working age population with (likely low) incomes increased by 10%. When corrected to the population without income, the Gini coefficient demonstrates a significant decrease in 1978. The changing composition of households in the U.S. is the effect explaining the reported increase in Gini coefficient for households since 1967. When corrected for actual decrease in the average household size the relevant Gini coefficient returns to that of personal incomes. According to the Census Bureau, the latter coefficient has been hovering in a very narrow range between 0.50 and 0.51 since 1974. Evaluating the evolution of labour and capital shares of the U.S. personal income reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis we found that the increasing share of income of the top 1% households does not affect the labour share income. The growth in the income share of richest families is related to the increasing share of the consumption of fixed capital which is converted into private money though the reduction in taxes on production and imports.