The History of Systems, Engineering, and Technology are the terms used to describe the applications of computing and engineering in general. Such terms have become prevalent with the increasing use of computers, data processing, and information retrieval. The contents of this book deal with all processes within IT, architecture, telecommunications, operating system, applications languages, e-commerce, databases, machines, and their analyses. Under the section of Technology the book includes the history of technology, engineering in the ancient world, tools and weapons. The book also covers the recent manufacturing of military technology, agriculture, crafts, communications, and the atomic power. In this write-up the subjects of pharmaceuticals and medical technology, space exploration, science, criticisms of technology, the dilemmatic nuclear technology, and their histories are well presented. The population explosion and its impact in modern societies, education and crime, are discussed accordingly.
Although usually well-funded, systems development projects are often late to market and over budget. Worse still, many are obsolete before they can be deployed or the program is cancelled before delivery. Clearly, it is time for a new approach. With coverage ranging from the complex characteristics and behaviors of enterprises to the challenges the
An up-to-date guide for using massive amounts of data and novel technologies to design, build, and maintain better systems engineering Systems Engineering in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Big Data, Novel Technologies, and Modern Systems Engineering offers a guide to the recent changes in systems engineering prompted by the current challenging and innovative industrial environment called the Fourth Industrial Revolution—INDUSTRY 4.0. This book contains advanced models, innovative practices, and state-of-the-art research findings on systems engineering. The contributors, an international panel of experts on the topic, explore the key elements in systems engineering that have shifted towards data collection and analytics, available and used in the design and development of systems and also in the later life-cycle stages of use and retirement. The contributors address the issues in a system in which the system involves data in its operation, contrasting with earlier approaches in which data, models, and algorithms were less involved in the function of the system. The book covers a wide range of topics including five systems engineering domains: systems engineering and systems thinking; systems software and process engineering; the digital factory; reliability and maintainability modeling and analytics; and organizational aspects of systems engineering. This important resource: Presents new and advanced approaches, methodologies, and tools for designing, testing, deploying, and maintaining advanced complex systems Explores effective evidence-based risk management practices Describes an integrated approach to safety, reliability, and cyber security based on system theory Discusses entrepreneurship as a multidisciplinary system Emphasizes technical merits of systems engineering concepts by providing technical models Written for systems engineers, Systems Engineering in the Fourth Industrial Revolution offers an up-to-date resource that contains the best practices and most recent research on the topic of systems engineering.
This book conceives, presents and exemplifies a contemporary, general systems methodology that is straightforward and accessible, providing guidance in practical application, as well as explaining concept and theory. The book is presented both as a text for students, with topic assignments, and as a reference for practitioners, through case studies. Utilizing recent research and developments in systems science, methods and tools, Hitchins has developed a unified systems methodology, employable when tackling virtually any problem, from the small technological, to the global socioeconomic. Founded in the powerful ‘systems approach’, Hitchins’ systems methodology brings together both soft and hard system scientific methods into one methodological framework. This can be applied when addressing complex problems, issues and situations, and for creating robust, provable solutions, resolutions and dissolutions to those problems – supposing such to exist. This book details and explores: the systems approach, using theory and method to reveal systems engineering as applied systems science, bridging the gulf between Problem and Solution Spaces; a ‘universal’ Systems Methodology (including an extensive view of systems engineering, embracing both soft and hard systems) which encompasses all five stages of Hitchins’ 5-layer Systems Engineering Model (artifact, project, enterprise, industry and socio-economy); case studies illustrating how the systems methodology may be used to address a diverse range of situations and issues, including conceiving a new defense capability, proposing a feasible way to tackle global warming, tackling enterprise interventions, how and why things can go wrong, and many more. Systems Engineering will give an immeasurable advantage to managers, practitioners and consultants in a wide range of organizations and fields including police, defense, procurement, communications, transport, management, electrical, electronic, aerospace, requirements, software and computer engineering. It is an essential reference for researchers seeking ‘systems enlightenment’, including graduate students who require a comprehensive reference text on the subject, and also government departments and systems engineering institutions
An overview of engineering systems that describes the new challenges posed for twenty-first-century engineers by today's highly complex sociotechnical systems. Engineering, for much of the twentieth century, was mainly about artifacts and inventions. Now, it's increasingly about complex systems. As the airplane taxis to the gate, you access the Internet and check email with your PDA, linking the communication and transportation systems. At home, you recharge your plug-in hybrid vehicle, linking transportation to the electricity grid. Today's large-scale, highly complex sociotechnical systems converge, interact, and depend on each other in ways engineers of old could barely have imagined. As scale, scope, and complexity increase, engineers consider technical and social issues together in a highly integrated way as they design flexible, adaptable, robust systems that can be easily modified and reconfigured to satisfy changing requirements and new technological opportunities. Engineering Systems offers a comprehensive examination of such systems and the associated emerging field of study. Through scholarly discussion, concrete examples, and history, the authors consider the engineer's changing role, new ways to model and analyze these systems, the impacts on engineering education, and the future challenges of meeting human needs through the technologically enabled systems of today and tomorrow.
This comprehensive resource provides systems engineers and practitioners with the analytic, design and modeling tools of the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology of Integrated Systems Engineering (ISE) and Pipelines of Processes in Object Oriented Architectures (PPOOA) methodology. This methodology integrates model based systems and software engineering approaches for the development of complex products, including aerospace, robotics and energy domains applications. Readers learn how to synthesize physical architectures using design heuristics and trade-off analysis. The book provides information about how to identify, classify and specify the system requirements of a new product or service. Using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) constructs, readers will be able to apply ISE & PPOOA methodology in the engineering activities of their own systems.
By making use of the principles of systems science, the scientific community can explain many complicated matters of the world and shed new light on unsettled problems. Each real science has its own particular methodology for not only qualitative but also quantitative analyses, so it is important to understand the organic whole of systems research with operable mathematical methods. Systems Science: Methodological Approaches presents a mathematical explanation of systems science, giving readers a complete technical formulation of different systemic laws. It enables them to use a unified methodology to attack different problems that are hard, if not impossible, for modern science to handle. Following a brief history of systems science, the book explores: Basic concepts, characteristics, properties, and classifications of general systems Nonlinear systems dynamics and the theory of catastrophe Dissipative structures and synergistics Studies of chaos, including logistic mapping, phase space reconstruction, Lyapunov exponents, and chaos of general single relation systems Different aspects and concepts of fractals, including a presentation of L systems analysis and design Complex systems and complexity, with a discussion of how the phenomena of "three" and complexity are related, and how various cellular automata can be constructed to generate useful simulations and figurative patterns Complex adaptive systems and open complex giant systems, with introduction of the yoyo model and practical applications Complex networks and related concepts and methods The book concludes with several case studies that demonstrate how various concepts and the logic of systems can be practically applied to resolve real-life problems, such as the prediction of natural disasters. The book will be useful in directing future research and applications of systems science on a commonly accepted platform and playground.
Presenting the most recent statistical data, Investment and Employment Opportunities in China provides first-of-its-kind coverage of the regional economic, industrial, investment, and employment structures in China. After establishing the theoretical foundation, the rest of the book utilizes the model and the methodology presented by the authors to
Thirty years ago, computers seemed more science fiction than business fact. Today we have e-commerce, e-marketing, computerized scheduling, manufacturing, and a whole new field called information technology. Computers now have applications for every facet of your business. Information Systems and Technology for the Non-Information Systems Executive explores the practical and efficient use of computer technology-both software and hardware-for all types of business applications. In a simple and reader friendly style Shim presents information on data bases, networking, and telecommunications. He explains popular accounting, tax, finance, management, manufacturing, and marketing software-making them easy to understand and use. In addition, he provides real-life examples that illustrate the applications of decision support systems, executive information systems, and artificial intelligence systems such as financial modeling, budgeting, strategic planning and control, forecasting, data analysis, inventory planning, and optimization software. You do not need to know programming to understand your information systems. Written for business managers and entrepreneurs who may not have extensive computer experience, Information Systems and Technology for the Non-Information Systems Executive: An Integrated Resource Management Guide for the 21st Century covers information systems in all phases and functional areas of business to help you make the best decisions. It provides a wealth of current and essential information for managers and executives of all types of organizations. Your success depends on keeping abreast of the latest applications and thinking in information technology. This book gives you the competitive edge.
The importance of democracy as a system of government the reader must remember that this sovereignty rests with the whole people, who rule either directly or through representatives. In the contemporary world, democracy is closely associated with the idea of choosing governments by periodic free multiparty elections. The chief elements of representative democracy are: Freedom of speech and expression; Periodic free elections; the right to form competing parties to contest these elections; a government which is responsible to the legislature and to public opinion. Where one or more of these elements is absent, the system is unlikely to be genuinely democratic. There has also been pressure for more democracy at a lower level, particularly in the way that work is organised. The social conditions for stable democratic government have been considered, with the level of economic development. Thus, the advanced capitalist societies are nearly all representative democracies.
