Cancer Genomics
Cancer Genomics

Author: Moamen Bydoun

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-11-21

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13: 0128061103

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Although early diagnosis, outcome prediction and treatment options are the ultimate objectives when assessing breast cancer patients, the methodology behind this clinical assessment varies and has gradually evolved from using standard clinical criteria into incorporating high-throughput genome-wide analysis. Early methods involved evaluating tumor size and spread as well as histological assessment (tumor grade). Later, the expression of hormone/growth receptors (ER, PR, and HER2) was added to the standard stratification of breast cancer patients. More recently, molecular approaches, which are based on the expression of a well-defined set of genes, have subdivided patients into five clinically relevant subtypes which not only predict prognosis and dictate treatment choice but also complement standard assessment. The advent of genome-wide analysis has produced the most robust classification system of breast cancers by coupling specific genetic aberrations (single nucleotide mutations and gene copy number variations) with gene expression profiles. Although these genome-wide approaches offer a promising future for breast cancer prognosis and treatment options, they are still not clinically feasible for standard population-based screening. Nonetheless, these approaches are becoming faster and more reliable in understanding the molecular architecture of breast cancer and are slowly paving the way towards personalized treatments which are tailored to individual patients. In the light of a rapidly evolving field of breast cancer genomics, this chapter highlights key standard and upcoming approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment and discusses the feasibility of genome-oriented personalized treatments.

Next Generation Sequencing in Cancer Research
Next Generation Sequencing in Cancer Research

Author: Wei Wu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-08-04

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 1461476453

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​​​​This volume provides an interdisciplinary perspective of applying Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to cancer research. It aims to systematically introduce the concept of NGS, a variety of NGS platforms and their practical implications in cancer biology.This unique and comprehensive text will integrate the unprecedented NGS technology into various cancer research projects as opposed to most books which offer a detailed description of the technology. This volume will present true experimental results with concrete data processing pipelines, discuss the bottleneck of each platform for real project in cancer research. In additional, single cancer cell sequencing as the proof of concept will be introduced in this book, along with cutting-edge information provided will help the intended audience to develop a comprehensive understanding of the NGS technology and practical whole genome sequencing data analysis and rapidly translate into their own research, specifically in the field of cancer biology.

Gene Expression Profiling in Cancer
Gene Expression Profiling in Cancer

Author: Dimitrios Vlachakis

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2019-06-19

Total Pages: 79

ISBN-13: 1838801758

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The contribution of modern-day genetics in designing efficient gene expression profiles for cancer is immense. The progress of technology and science in recent years provides the opportunity for discovery and application of new techniques for treating various diseases that affect humanity. Methods for finding and analyzing the profile of gene expression of infected cells give scientists the ability to develop more targeted and effective treatments, especially for diseases such as cancer. The development of gene expression profiling is one of the most important achievements in cancer genetics in our time. It is essentially the driving force behind personalized and precision medicine. This book highlights recent developments, applications, and breakthroughs in the field of gene expression profiling in cancer.

Gene Expression Analysis of Breast Cancer Progression
Gene Expression Analysis of Breast Cancer Progression

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 170

ISBN-13:

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Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical behavior, and response to therapy that cannot be predicted based on existing classifications. It is the primary goal of our research to identify and characterize biological pathways and individual molecular components that play a primary role in BC development and progression. In order to identify genes, gene expression profiles and molecular pathways associated with metastatic BC we performed genome-wide gene expression analysis of a large number of breast cancer samples. Both unsupervised and supervised analyses were used to identify genes differentially expressed among samples and molecular subclasses of breast cancers. We identified a unique subclass of ER-breast carcinoma and characterized the molecular phenotype. In addition formal statistical testing was used to identify genes with marked changes in expression during progression. Lymph node metastases in particular showed significant decreases in the expression of many genes corresponding to extracellular matrix proteins and proteases when compared to matched primaries. Further expression changes in a variety of genes were associated with distant metastases. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to validate and extend findings. A variety of in vitro and in vivo models have been used to elucidate specific molecular correlations.

Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer
Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer

Author: Sunil Badve

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-11-26

Total Pages: 427

ISBN-13: 3319417614

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The complex landscape of breast cancer requires distinct strategies for the management of various molecular subtypes of this disease. Rapid advances in the field of molecular biology have been bewildering for those involved in its study and management. “Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer” aims to close this knowledge gap by discussing comprehensively the evolution, biological basis and clinical applications with a focus on the “what, when, and how” of the most significant molecular markers known to date. These markers are evaluated in the context of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, which is integral to the practice of precision medicine. The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided new insights in the regulation of genomic and transcriptomic structure and function. Alterations in DNA such as mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been correlated with outcomes and provide for novel therapeutic approaches. These NGS analyses have also revealed the extensive contributions of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, non-coding RNA and alternative splicing. All of these changes together contribute to alterations in proteome. Newer assays that allow greater stability and analytical consistency are emerging. These alterations in tumor profiles can be also now detected by imaging techniques. The heterogeneity of both tumor and tumor microenvironment, an inevitable reality, is discussed in detail with particular focus on cancer stem cells and immune signaling. A chapter is dedicated to the emerging technology of “liquid biopsy”, which opens a novel approach for “continuous” monitoring of cancer that might be superior to conventional diagnostics, “Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer” provides a quick and easy, not to mention essential, tour for clinicians, pathologists and scientists who are seeking to understand the integration of molecular biology into the diagnosis, prognosis and management of breast cancer.