Gaze Regimes is a bricolage of essays and interviews showcasing the experiences of women working in film, either directly as practitioners or in other areas as curators, festival programme directors or fundraisers. It does not shy away from questioning the relations of power in the practice of filmmaking and the power invested in the gaze itself. Who is looking and who is being looked at, who is telling women’s stories in Africa and what governs the mechanics of making those films on the continent? The interviews with film practitioners such as Tsitsi Dangarembga, Taghreed Elsanhouri, Jihan El-Tahri, Anita Khanna, Isabel Noronhe, Arya Lalloo and Shannon Walsh demonstrate the contradictory points of departure of women in film – from their understanding of feminisms in relation to lived-experiences and the realpolitik of women working as cultural practitioners. The disciplines of gender studies, postcolonial theory, and film theory provide the framework for the book’s essays. Jyoti Mistry, Antje Schuhmann, Nobunye Levin, Dorothee Wenner and Christina von Braun are some of the contributors who provide valuable context, analysis and insight into, among other things, the politics of representation, the role of film festivals and the collective and individual experiences of trauma and marginality which contribute to the layered and complex filmic responses of Africa’s film practitioners.
Gaze Regimes is a bricolage of essays and interviews showcasing the experiences of women working in film, either directly as practitioners or in other areas such as curators, festival programme directors or fundraisers. It does not shy away from questioning the relations of power in the practice of filmmaking and the power invested in the gaze itself. Who is looking and who is being looked at, who is telling women's stories in Africa and what governs the mechanics of making those films on the continent? The interviews with film practitioners such as Tsitsi Dangarembga, Taghreed Elsanhouri, Jihan El-Tahri, Anita Khanna, Isabel Noronhe, Arya Lalloo and Shannon Walsh demonstrate the contradictory points of departure of women in film - from their understanding of feminisms in relation to lived-experiences and the realpolitik of women working as cultural practitioners. Jyoti Mistry, Antje Schuhmann, Nobunye Levin, Dorothee Wenner and Christina von Braun are some of the contributors.
In The World Wars Through the Female Gaze, Jean Gallagher maps one portion of the historicized, gendered territory of what Nancy K. Miller calls the "gaze in representation." Expanding the notion of the gaze in critical discourse, Gallagher situates a number of visual acts within specific historic contexts to reconstruct the wartime female subject. She looks at both the female observer's physical act of seeing - and the refusal to see - for example, a battlefield, a wounded soldier, a torture victim, a national flag, a fashion model, a bombed city, or a wartime hallucination. Interdisciplinary in focus, this book brings together visual (twenty-two illustrations) and literary texts, "high" and "popular" expressive forms, and well-known and lesser-known figures and texts.
Vision has adaptive value of paramount importance in the evolution of animals. It facilitates survival by enabling an individual to identify relevant information from the surroundings like food, predators, and mates even at great distance. Humans and other primates, analyze objects of interest by reorienting their visual gaze towards them. These orientations are normally achieved through coordinated movements of the eyes and head termed gaze shifts. But, how are these coordinated movements of the eye and head implemented? What areas of the brain are involved in eye-head control of gaze, and to what extent? More importantly, how the gaze control system calculates desired eye and head positions to place gaze in the right direction? The present book provides the answers to those questions as well as the implications that these findings have for understanding various processes of visual-to-motor transformations in gaze control.
This groundbreaking resource offers a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge video-based eye monitoring algorithms, as well as human factor algorithms and experiments. Helping to apply the skills in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction (IHMI), this practical reference shows how the core low-level building blocks are implemented and how they are linked with human factor algorithms and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in smart vehicles, sensitive environments and medical facilities.
"Humans routinely shift gaze across the visual field using coordinated movements of theeyes and head to gather visual information about their surroundings. Some have proposed that the eye and head components of a gaze shift are both under direct gaze feedback control. Other models have been proposed in which the initial desired gaze displacement vector is decomposed early on to generate separate eye and head error signals. Here I first present a number of new findings that, when taken together, support the gaze feedback hypothesis.First, we have found, using the unexpected application of long-duration torqueperturbations (500-700 ms) that either randomly assisted or opposed head motion, thatnot only gaze end-point accuracy was not compromised by such perturbations, but thatgaze trajectory deviations, from control trajectories, were also minimized (especially inassisting trials). Separate controller models that use mechanisms such asthe corollary discharge of the head motor command to insure gaze accuracy cannotaccount for our results. We also demonstrated in a second series of experiments performed with amacaque monkey, using electrical perturbations, that a given hemicortex has access tobrain circuitry that makes it possible, depending on the context, to generate movementsof the head either in the ipsilateral or in the contralateral direction (with respect to theside of stimulation). We identified a small area in the ventral premotor cortex, thepolysensory zone (area PZ), from which large ipsilateral head movements were evoked.Those head movements were accompanied by centring movements of the eyes,contralateral arm movements projected around the head and aggressive facialexpressions. These complex movements led us to hypothesize that the large ipslateralhead movements were most probably generated to avoid collision with looming stimulithat may come into contact with the head, (i.e. part of a defensive response). In a final series of experiments, we investigated interactions between the gazecontrol system and the visual system during large head-unrestrained gaze shifts using amodified version of the classic compression paradigm. The ability of humans to localizeobjects presented around gaze shift onset (perisaccadic window) is compromised.We showed, by displacing the probability distribution of localization bars away from the gaze target and toward the fixation point, that, contrarily to what is usually found using the classic compression paradigm, very small perceptual errors were made, but that large gaze targeting errors were instead produced. Gaze errors emerged gradually, over about 100 trials,to reach a steady-state close to a position about midway between the gaze target and themean localization bar position. Given that our subjects were completely unaware thatthey were making such large gaze errors, we hypothesized that gaze errors weregenerated implicitly as subjects unconsciously learned the statistical structure of theconcomitant localization task. Together, the experiments presented in this work have clearly demonstrated,using a series of perceptual, mechanical and electrical perturbation paradigms, that themechanisms responsible for redirecting the eyes, the head, and gaze are highly flexible,goal-directed and influenced by contextual factors in such a way as to maximizeperformance in the face of uncertainty. The unfortunate result is that in some instances,primary goals are accomplished with great accuracy at the expense of sub-goals that aredeemed, in that specific context, to be of lesser importance." --
This is a fully revised edition of the groundbreaking study on tourism, which was originally published in 1990. The original chapters have been empirically updated and many new research findings incorporated and evaluated. This Second Edition deepens our understanding of how the tourist gaze orders and regulates the relationship with the tourist environment, demarcating the `other′ and identifying the `out-of-the-ordinary′. It elucidates the relationship between tourism and embodiment and elaborates on the connections between mobility as a mark of modern and postmodern experience and the attraction of tourism as a lifestyle choice. The result is a book that builds on the proven strengths of the first edition and revitalizes the argument to address the needs of researchers and students in the new century. Praise for the First Edition: `There is much to be applauded here...this is an engaging and thought provoking book which should be read by those interested in advertising and the changing nature of contemporary culture′ - Contemporary Sociology `The book is written in a very accessible style that would serve as a good point of entry for anyone interested in leisure, tourism, and cultural change in contemporary societies. The scope of Urry′s book is breathtaking, one is left with a feeling of coming to terms with the complex set of social relations that are tourism, both in their production and consumption′ - Planning Practice and Research
