Resisting Protectionism
Resisting Protectionism

Author: Helen V. Milner

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 0691010749

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Milner explores the similarities between the economic conditions of the 1920s and the 1970s, where both Western Europe and the U.S. had high unemploymnet rates and sizeable agricultural and industrial overcapacity. She draws on evidence from six U.S. industries in the 1920s, six U.S. firms in the 1970s, and six French industries in the 1970s, and concludes that in the 1970s both nations had corporations with international market interests than they had in the 1920s. She believes that in modern industrial nations, the corporate sector plays an important role in policy determination, and that any move toward protectionism would be at the behest of large corporations with international interests. ISBN 0-691-05670-6: $29.50.

Export Dependence versus the New Protectionism
Export Dependence versus the New Protectionism

Author: Glenn Randall Fong

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-10-10

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1351395785

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In an international political economy characterised both by constancy and change, this study, first published in 1996, links together one seemingly incongruous continuity in international trade relations with an increasingly dramatic development in the economies of industrial countries. On the one hand, industrialised countries have become progressively dependent upon one another. On the other hand, the liberal international trade regime has yet to falter. These two points are tied together by seeking to explain the maintenance of liberal trade relations in terms of the mutual economic dependence of industrial countries. In particular, the study examines what may be a fundamental constraint on trade protectionism today: the reliance of industrialised countries on external trade relations, and especially on markets within the industrial world.

Power, Protection, and Free Trade
Power, Protection, and Free Trade

Author: David A. Lake

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2018-03-15

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 1501723057

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Why do nations so frequently abandon unrestricted international commerce in favor of trade protectionism? David A. Lake contends that the dominant explanation, interest group theory, does not adequately explain American trade strategy or address the contradictory elements of cooperation and conflict that shape the international economy. Power, Protection, and Free Trade offers an alternative, systemic approach to trade strategy that builds on the interaction between domestic and international factors. In this innovative book, Lake maintains that both protection and free trade are legitimate and effective instruments of national policy, the considered responses of nations to varying international structures.

Business And The State In International Relations
Business And The State In International Relations

Author: Ronald W Cox

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-04-11

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 0429723741

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Challenging the traditional notion that state officials act autonomously in formulating and implementing international policy, the contributors to this volume argue that the influence of organized business groups has been consistently underestimated in recent decades. Each uses a "business conflict" model of state-society relations as a new paradig

Resisting Protectionism
Resisting Protectionism

Author: Helen V. Milner

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2021-02-09

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 0691225281

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Why didn't the protectionist spiral of the 1920s reappear in the 1970s in light of similar economic and political realities? In Resisting Protectionism, Helen Milner analyzes the growth of international economic interdependence and its effects on trade policy in the United States and France. She argues that the limited protectionist response of the 1970s stems from the growth of firms' international economic ties, which reduces their interest in protection by increasing its cost. Thus firms with greater international connections will be less protectionist than more domestically oriented firms. The book develops this thesis by examining the international ties of export dependence, multinationality, and global intra-firm trade. After studying selected U.S. industries, Milner also examines French firms to see if they respond to increased interdependence in the same way as American firms, despite their different historical, ideological, and political contexts.

Global Tariff War
Global Tariff War

Author: Ramesh Chandra Das

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2021-03-09

Total Pages: 468

ISBN-13: 1800713142

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Global Tariff War: Economic, Political and Social Implications traces the impacts that global tariff wars in international trade can have on the growth of national economies. Offering a range of perspectives from developing economies, this collection presents a unique insight into this complex area of geo-political and economic practice.

Small States in World Markets
Small States in World Markets

Author: Peter J. Katzenstein

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2015-08-01

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 1501700359

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By the early 1980s the average American had a lower standard of living than the average Norwegian or Dane. Standards of living in the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, and Austria also rivaled those in the United States. How have seven small democracies achieved economic success and what can they teach America?In Small States in World Markets, Peter Katzenstein examines the successes of these economically vulnerable nations of Western Europe, showing that they have managed to stay economically competitive while at the same time preserving their political institutions. Too dependent on world trade to impose protection, and lacking the resources to transform their domestic industries, they have found a third solution. Their rapid and flexible response to market opportunity stems from what Katzenstein calls "democratic corporatism," a mixture of ideological consensus, centralized politics, and complex bargains among politicians, merest groups, and bureaucrats.Democratic corporatism is the solution these nations have developed in response to the economic crises of the 1930s and 1940s, the liberal international economy established after World War II, and the volatile markets of more recent years. Katzenstein maintains that democratic corporatism is an effective way of coping with a rapidly changing world, a more effective way than the United States and several other large industrial countries have yet managed to discover.

U.S. Politics and the Global Economy
U.S. Politics and the Global Economy

Author: Ronald W. Cox

Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9781555877712

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This book investigates the influence of globalization on ideology and politics in the United States. Ronald Cox and Daniel Skidmore-Hess argue that U.S. policy has been motivated less by anxiety about the independence and stability of the domestic economy and more by worry about factors that might limit the participation of U.S. corporations in international markets. Connecting trends in domestic and foreign policy with the changing needs of industry, they associate increased globalization with the the breakup of the liberal, New Deal coalition; the collapse of the Bretton Woods Agreement in the 1970s; the neoconservative, antiregulatory movements of the 1980s; and the rightward drift of both the Republican and Democratic Parties.

Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy
Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy

Author: Alberto Cavallo

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2019-11-01

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13: 1513518380

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We use micro data collected at the border and at retailers to characterize the effects brought by recent changes in US trade policy - particularly the tariffs placed on imports from China - on importers, consumers, and exporters. We start by documenting that the tariffs were almost fully passed through to total prices paid by importers, suggesting the tariffs' incidence has fallen largely on the United States. Since we estimate the response of prices to exchange rates to be far more muted, the recent depreciation of the Chinese renminbi is unlikely to alter this conclusion. Next, using product-level data from several large multi-national retailers, we demonstrate that the impact of the tariffs on retail prices is more mixed. Some affected product categories have seen sharp price increases, but the difference between affected and unaffected products is generally quite modest, suggesting that retail margins have fallen. These retailers' imports increased after the initial announcement of possible tariffs, but before their full implementation, so the intermediate passthrough of tariffs to their prices may not persist. Finally, in contrast to the case of foreign exporters facing US tariffs, we show that US exporters lowered their prices on goods subjected to foreign retaliatory tariffs compared to exports of non-targeted goods.