Exploring Parent-child Agreement on Reports of Exposure to Community Violence
Exploring Parent-child Agreement on Reports of Exposure to Community Violence

Author: Jazzmyn S. Ward

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13:

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Exposure to community violence (ECV) has a number of negative implications for children including poor mental health functioning, impaired cognition, memory, learning, and school performance (Gardner, 1971; Edlynn, Miller, Gaylord-Harden, & Richards, 2008). Several factors including social support and maternal closeness have been found to mitigate these consequences following exposure (Jones, 2007; Ceballo et al., 2001). Conversely, discrepancies in child and parent reports of the child's exposure to community violence may exacerbate these adverse effects (Hill & Jones 1997). This study aimed to categorize dyads based on the agreement in reports of victimization and witnessed violence. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify any potential ethnic difference within these groups in addition to any subsequent mental health issues. This study utilized a resiliency framework in addition to an integrated conceptual model, which considers interpersonal and interdependent processes related to parent-child communication around ECV and its implications (Aisenberg & Ell, 2005; Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). A sample of 2,033 parent-child dyads (36.3% Black, 20.6% White, 3.0% American Indian, 1.2% Asian, .6% Pacific Island, 38.3% other) completed surveys assessing the child's exposure to violence and mental health functioning. Data analyses included frequencies, mean imputation, latent profile analysis to identify and analyze groups based on the agreement of child's exposure and mental health functioning. Four profiles based on average exposure to violence emerged: Low Exposure, Moderate Exposure, High Exposure, and Severe Exposure. Ethnic differences among these profiles indicate ethnic minorities are more likely to belong to the Moderate Exposure, High Exposure, and Severe Exposure profiles and less likely to belong to the Low Exposure profile. Finally, there were differences among profiles based on mental health functioning. Specifically, parents were more likely to have differences in mental health reports based on severity of exposure to violence. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Parenting Matters
Parenting Matters

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2016-11-21

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 0309388570

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Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

The Psychological Effects of War and Violence on Children
The Psychological Effects of War and Violence on Children

Author: Lewis A. Leavitt

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2014-01-14

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13: 1317782240

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The outgrowth of a conference planned as a response to the need for researchers and clinicians to develop integrated plans for addressing the psychological trauma of children exposed to violence, this volume's goals are: * to summarize research on the subject with particular emphasis on the Gulf War; * to use this information to formulate an outline of what current knowledge suggests are reasonable approaches to public mental health intervention; and * to develop an agenda for future research necessary for improving clinical efforts in varying international conflicts. A significant collection of diverse perspectives attending to a diversity of cultural and political contexts, the contributors offer many conclusions about important dimensions for analyzing the effects of violence on children. Suggesting informed approaches to public mental health efforts which can be implemented, the work presented here directs attention to the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers and clinicians to better understand the effects of exposure to violence on the psychological well being of children and the optimal modes of remediation on individual, family, and community levels.

School, Family, and Community Partnerships
School, Family, and Community Partnerships

Author: Joyce L. Epstein

Publisher: Corwin Press

Published: 2018-07-19

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 1483320014

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Strengthen programs of family and community engagement to promote equity and increase student success! When schools, families, and communities collaborate and share responsibility for students′ education, more students succeed in school. Based on 30 years of research and fieldwork, the fourth edition of the bestseller School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Your Handbook for Action, presents tools and guidelines to help develop more effective and more equitable programs of family and community engagement. Written by a team of well-known experts, it provides a theory and framework of six types of involvement for action; up-to-date research on school, family, and community collaboration; and new materials for professional development and on-going technical assistance. Readers also will find: Examples of best practices on the six types of involvement from preschools, and elementary, middle, and high schools Checklists, templates, and evaluations to plan goal-linked partnership programs and assess progress CD-ROM with slides and notes for two presentations: A new awareness session to orient colleagues on the major components of a research-based partnership program, and a full One-Day Team Training Workshop to prepare school teams to develop their partnership programs. As a foundational text, this handbook demonstrates a proven approach to implement and sustain inclusive, goal-linked programs of partnership. It shows how a good partnership program is an essential component of good school organization and school improvement for student success. This book will help every district and all schools strengthen and continually improve their programs of family and community engagement.

Children and Political Violence
Children and Political Violence

Author: Ed Cairns

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Published: 1996-01-23

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9781557863515

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The post-war world has become characterized by fierce new assertions of nationalism and sovereignty. Many regions - such as Bosnia, Somalia and Northern Ireland - are threatened by violent ethnic, religious and cultural strife. Almost daily on our television screens we see the faces of frightened children caught up in war, yet research into the effects of war on children is patchy and not well known. Children and Political Violence provides a critical evaluation of attempts to answer questions about the impact of political violence on such topics as children's aggression, moral development, and interpersonal relations. Much of the material is concerned with children who witness, experience or participate in violent acts, and with the children's stress and coping in violent circumstances. Other chapters deal with the effects on the social fabric of children's lives of the loss of families, destruction of social networks, homelessness, and the challenge of ensuring that the next generation grows up to reject violence as a way of settling political disputes. Written in a highly accessible style with many real-life examples, Children and Political Violence will be of broad interest to students, researchers and practitioners in child psychology and psychiatry, education, conflict studies and peace studies.