Entrenchment and the Psychology of Language Learning
Entrenchment and the Psychology of Language Learning

Author: Hans-Jörg Schmid

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2016-12-19

Total Pages: 483

ISBN-13: 3110341425

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In recent years, linguists have increasingly turned to the cognitive sciences to broaden their investigation into the roots and development of language. With the advent of cognitive-linguistic, usage-based and complex-adaptive models of language, linguists today are utilizing approaches and insights from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, social psychology and other related fields. A key result of this interdisciplinary approach is the concept of entrenchment—the ongoing reorganization and adaptation of communicative knowledge. Entrenchment posits that our linguistic knowledge is continuously refreshed and reorganized under the influence of social interactions. It is part of a larger, ongoing process of lifelong cognitive reorganization whose course and quality is conditioned by exposure to and use of language, and by the application of cognitive abilities and processes to language. This volume enlists more than two dozen experts in the fields of linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurology, and cognitive psychology in providing a realistic picture of the psychological and linguistic foundations of language. Contributors examine the psychological foundations of linguistic entrenchment processes, and the role of entrenchment in first-language acquisition, second language learning, and language attrition. Critical views of entrenchment and some of its premises and implications are discussed from the perspective of dynamic complexity theory and radical embodied cognitive science.

The Dynamics of the Linguistic System
The Dynamics of the Linguistic System

Author: Hans-Jörg Schmid

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2020-01-10

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 0192546376

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This volume outlines a model of language that can be characterized as functionalist, usage-based, dynamic, and complex-adaptive. The core idea is that linguistic structure is not stable and uniform, but continually refreshed by the interaction between three components: usage, the communicative activities of speakers; conventionalization, the social processes triggered by these activities and feeding back into them; and entrenchment, the individual cognitive processes that are also linked to these activities in a feedback loop. Hans-Jörg Schmid explains how this multiple feedback system works by extending his Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model, showing how the linguistic system is created, sustained, and continually adapted by the ongoing interaction between usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. Fulfilling the promise of usage-based accounts, the model explains how exactly usage is transformed into collective and individual grammar and how these two grammars in turn feed back into usage. The book is exceptionally broad in scope, with insights from a wide range of linguistic subdisciplines. It provides a coherent account of the role of multiple factors that influence language structure, variation, and change, including frequency, economy, identity, multilingualism, and language contact.

The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition

Author: Monika S. Schmid

Publisher: Oxford Handbooks

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 657

ISBN-13: 0198793596

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This volume is the first handbook dedicated to language attrition, the study of how a speaker's language may be affected by crosslinguistic interference and non-use. Topics covered include theoretical implications, psycho- and neurolinguistic approaches, linguistic and extralinguistic factors, L2 attrition, and heritage languages.

Ten Lectures on Cognitive Evolutionary Linguistics
Ten Lectures on Cognitive Evolutionary Linguistics

Author: Arie Verhagen

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-06-22

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 9004422358

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Conceiving of language and cognition as biological phenomena, these lectures provide and illustrate a coherent, integrated theoretical framework for studying essentially any aspect of language systems, language use, language change, and language evolution.

What it Takes to Talk
What it Takes to Talk

Author: Paul Ibbotson

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-07-20

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 3110647915

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This book puts cognition back at the heart of the language learning process and challenges the idea that language acquisition can be meaningfully understood as a purely linguistic phenomenon. For each domain placed under the spotlight - memory, attention, inhibition, categorisation, analogy and social cognition - the book examines how they shape the development of sounds, words and grammar. The unfolding cognitive and social world of the child interacts with, constrains, and predicts language use at its deepest levels. The conclusion is that language is special, not because it is an encapsulated module separate from the rest of cognition, but because of the forms it can take rather than the parts it is made of, and because it could be nature’s finest example of cognitive recycling and reuse.

Gesture in Language
Gesture in Language

Author: Aliyah Morgenstern

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2021-12-06

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 3110565056

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Through constant exposure to adult input in interaction, children’s language gradually develops into rich linguistic constructions containing multiple cross-modal elements subtly used together for communicative functions. Sensorimotor schemas provide the "grounding" of language in experience and lead to children’s access to the symbolic function. With the emergence of vocal or signed productions, gestures do not disappear but remain functional and diversify in form and function as children become skilled adult multimodal conversationalists. This volume examines the role of gesture over the human lifespan in its complex interaction with speech and sign. Gesture is explored in the different stages before, during, and after language has fully developed and a special focus is placed on the role of gesture in language learning and cognitive development. Specific chapters are devoted to the use of gesture in atypical populations. CONTENTS Contributors Aliyah Morgenstern and Susan Goldin-Meadow 1 Introduction to Gesture in Language Part I: An Emblematic Gesture: Pointing Kensy Cooperrider and Kate Mesh 2 Pointing in Gesture and Sign Aliyah Morgenstern 3 Early Pointing Gestures Part II: Gesture Before Speech Meredith L. Rowe, Ran Wei, and Virginia C. Salo 4 Early Gesture Predicts Later Language Development Olga Capirci, Maria Cristina Caselli, and Virginia Volterra 5 Interaction Among Modalities and Within Development Part III: Gesture With Speech During Language Learning Eve V. Clark and Barbara F. Kelly 6 Constructing a System of Communication With Gestures and Words Pauline Beaupoil-Hourdel 7 Embodying Language Complexity: Co-Speech Gestures Between Age 3 and 4 Casey Hall, Elizabeth Wakefield, and Susan Goldin-Meadow 8 Gesture Can Facilitate Children’s Learning and Generalization of Verbs Part IV: Gesture After Speech Is Mastered Jean-Marc Colletta 9 On the Codevelopment of Gesture and Monologic Discourse in Children Susan Wagner Cook 10 Understanding How Gestures Are Produced and Perceived Tilbe Göksun, Demet Özer, and Seda AkbIyık 11 Gesture in the Aging Brain Part V: Gesture With More Than One Language Elena Nicoladis and Lisa Smithson 12 Gesture in Bilingual Language Acquisition Marianne Gullberg 13 Bimodal Convergence: How Languages Interact in Multicompetent Language Users’ Speech and Gestures Gale Stam and Marion Tellier 14 Gesture Helps Second and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching Aliyah Morgenstern and Susan Goldin-Meadow Afterword: Gesture as Part of Language or Partner to Language Across the Lifespan Index About the Editors

Frequency in Language
Frequency in Language

Author: Dagmar Divjak

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2019-10-10

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 1107085756

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Re-examines frequency, entrenchment and salience, three foundational concepts in usage-based linguistics, through the prism of learning, memory, and attention.

The Changing English Language
The Changing English Language

Author: Marianne Hundt

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-07-20

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 1107086868

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Experts from psycholinguistics and English historical linguistics address core factors in language change.

Usage in Second Language Acquisition
Usage in Second Language Acquisition

Author: Kevin McManus

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-02-27

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 1003832784

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The study of “usage” has constituted a major line of second language learning research for decades now. The concept of usage, however, can be defined and studied in many different ways. In this comprehensive, forward-looking text, international scholars from a variety of perspectives review and critically examine current conceptualizations of usage, learning, and their connections in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). Bringing these diverse perspectives into conversation, Kevin McManus synthesizes the state of the art to set the agenda for new directions in theory-building and empirical SLA research. This text will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers in SLA, applied linguistics, psychology and cognitive science, education, and related areas.

Constructions in Contact 2
Constructions in Contact 2

Author: Hans C. Boas

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2021-06-15

Total Pages: 447

ISBN-13: 9027259976

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The last few years have seen a steadily increasing interest in constructional approaches to language contact. This volume builds on previous constructionist work, in particular Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG) and the volume Constructions in Contact (2018) and extends its methodology and insights in three major ways. First, it presents new constructional research on a wide range of language contact scenarios including Afrikaans, American Sign Language, English, French, Malayalam, Norwegian, Spanish, Welsh, as well as contact scenarios that involve typologically different languages. Second, it also addresses other types of scenarios that do not fall into the classic language contact category, such as multilingual practices and language acquisition as emerging multilingualism. Third, it aims to integrate constructionist views on language contact and multilingualism with other approaches that focus on structural, social, and cognitive aspects. The volume demonstrates that Construction Grammar is a framework particularly well suited for analyzing a wide variety of language contact phenomena from a usage-based perspective.