Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels

Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels

Author: Andrea Di Schino

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-04-15

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 3039286501

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.


Ascorbic Acid in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Tolerance

Ascorbic Acid in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Tolerance

Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-03-19

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 3319740571

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Ascorbic acid (AsA), vitamin C, is one of the most abundant water-soluble antioxidant in plants and animals. In plants AsA serves as a major redox buffer and regulates various physiological processes controlling growth, development, and stress tolerance. Recent studies on AsA homeostasis have broadened our understanding of these physiological events. At the mechanistic level, AsA has been shown to participate in numerous metabolic and cell signaling processes, and the dynamic relationship between AsA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been well documented. Being a major component of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, AsA helps to modulate oxidative stress in plants by controlling ROS detoxification alone and in co-operation with glutathione. In contrast to the single pathway responsible for AsA biosynthesis in animals, plants utilize multiple pathways to synthesize AsA, perhaps reflecting the importance of this molecule to plant health. Any fluctuations, increases or decreases, in cellular AsA levels can have profound effects on plant growth and development, as AsA is associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, redox signaling, enzyme function and defense gene expression. Although there has been significant progress made investigating the multiple roles AsA plays in stress tolerance, many aspects of AsA-mediated physiological responses require additional research if AsA metabolism is to be manipulated to enhance stress-tolerance. This book summarizes the roles of AsA that are directly or indirectly involved in the metabolic processes and physiological functions of plants. Key topics include AsA biosynthesis and metabolism, compartmentation and transport, AsA-mediated ROS detoxification, as well as AsA signaling functions in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. The main objective of this volume is therefore to supply comprehensive and up-to-date information for students, scholars and scientists interested in or currently engaged in AsA research.


Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes

Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes

Author: Parvaiz Ahmad

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-12

Total Pages: 410

ISBN-13: 1461488303

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Current trends in population growth hint that global food production is unlikely to gratify future demands under predicted climate change scenarios unless the rates of crop improvement are accelerated. Crop production faces numerous challenges, due to changing environmental conditions and evolving needs for new plant-derived materials. These challenges come at a time when the plant sciences are witnessing remarkable progress in understanding fundamental processes of plant growth and development. Drought, heat, cold and salinity are among the major abiotic stresses that often cause a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular alterations which adversely affect plant growth, development and productivity, consequently posing a serious challenge for sustainable food production in large parts of the world, particularly in emerging countries. This emphasizes the urgency of finding better ways to translate new advances in plant science into concrete successes in agricultural production. To overcome the pessimistic influence of abiotic stresses and to maintain the food security in the face of these challenges, new, improved and tolerant crop varieties, contemporary breeding techniques, and cavernous understanding of the mechanisms that counteract detrimental climate changes are indubitably needed to sustain the requisite food supply. In this context, Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes, Volume 1 provides a state-of-the-art guide to recent developments that aid in the understanding of plant responses to abiotic stresses and lead to new horizons vis-à-vis prime strategies for translating current research into applied solutions to create strong yields and overall crop improvement under such unfavourable environments. Written by a diverse group of internationally famed scholars, Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes, Volume 1 is a brief yet all-inclusive resource that is immensely advantageous for researchers, students, environmentalists, soil scientists, professionals, and many others in the quest of advancement in this flourishing field of research.


Algae for Biofuels and Energy

Algae for Biofuels and Energy

Author: Michael A. Borowitzka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-11

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 9400754795

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Microalgae are one of the most studied potential sources of biofuels and bioenergy. This book covers the key steps in the production of renewable biofuels from microalgae - strain selection, culture systems, inorganic carbon utilisation, lipid metabolism and quality, hydrogen production, genetic engineering, biomass harvesting, extraction. Greenhouse gas and techno-economic modelling are reviewed as is the 100 year history of microalgae as sources of biofuels and of commercial-scale microalgae culture. A summary of relevant basic standard methods used in the study of microalgae culture is provided. The book is intended for the expert and those starting work in the field.​


Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition

Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition

Author: Ellen Muehlhoff

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789251078631

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Milk and dairy products are a vital source of nutrition for many people. They also present livelihood opportunities for farm families, processors and other stakeholders in dairy value chains. Consumers, industry and governments need up-to-date information on how milk and dairy products can contribute to human nutrition and how dairy-industry development can best contribute to increasing food security and alleviating poverty. This publication is unique in drawing together information on nutrition, and dairy-industry development, providing a rich source of useful material on the role of dairy products in human nutrition and the way that investment in dairy-industry development has changed.


Primal Panacea

Primal Panacea

Author: Thomas E. Levy

Publisher: Medfox Publishing

Published: 2011-01-01

Total Pages: 350

ISBN-13: 9780983772804

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Primal man benefited from a powerful cure-all that continually coursed through his blood vessels. This substance -- made in the liver -- protected him from an overwhelming list of health challenges that, until recently, were rare causes of death. Due to a genetic error of metabolism, the vast majority of us no longer produce this panacea, making us increasingly susceptible to cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, dementia, diabetes, and many other very costly, and often fatal maladies. Thousands of scientific studies prove that sufficient quantities of this substance in the bloodstream still provide the same protective and curative properties experienced long ago. Dr. Levy cites over a thousand of these published reports as he relates the history and science of the "primal panacea" in an easy-to-read and entertaining way. He also relates simple and powerful ways to boost blood levels to those once enjoyed by our ancient ancestors. Primal Panacea is chock full of proof, resources, and practical how-to. It will save you money, it will greatly improve your odds for a long and healthy life -- we guarantee it