Time-to-Digital Converters

Time-to-Digital Converters

Author: Stephan Henzler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-03-10

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9048186285

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Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.


Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Author: Paolo Carbone

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-05

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 3642396550

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This book presents the a scientific discussion of the state-of-the-art techniques and designs for modeling, testing and for the performance analysis of data converters. The focus is put on sustainable data conversion. Sustainability has become a public issue that industries and users can not ignore. Devising environmentally friendly solutions for data conversion designing, modeling and testing is nowadays a requirement that researchers and practitioners must consider in their activities. This book presents the outcome of the IWADC workshop 2011, held in Orvieto, Italy.


Introduction to Analog-to-Digital Converters

Introduction to Analog-to-Digital Converters

Author: Takao Waho

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-09-01

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 1000795845

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Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters, or data converters in short, play a critical role as interfaces between the real analog world and digital equipment. They are now indispensable in the field of sensor networks, internet of things (IoT), robots, and automatic driving vehicles, as well as high-precision instrumentation and wideband communication systems. As the world increasingly relies on digital information processing, the importance of data converters continues to increase.The primary purpose of this book is to explain the fundamentals of data converters for students and engineers involved in this fascinating field as a newcomer. The book will also help students who have learned the basics of analog circuit design to understand the state-of-the-art data converters. It is desirable for readers to be familiar with basic analog IC design and digital signal processing using z-transform.


Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems

Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems

Author: Xinpeng Xing

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-10-04

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 3319665650

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This book discusses both architecture- and circuit-level design aspects of voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially focusing on mitigation of VCO nonlinearity and the improvement of power efficiency. It shows readers how to develop power-efficient complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ADCs for applications such as LTE, 802.11n, and VDSL2+. The material covered can also be applied to other specifications and technologies. Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems begins with a general introduction to the applications of an ADC in communications systems and the basic concepts of VCO-based ADCs. The text addresses a wide range of converter architectures including open- and closed-loop technologies. Special attention is paid to the replacement of power-hungry analog blocks with VCO-based circuits and to the mitigation of VCO nonline arity. Various MATLABĀ®/SimulinkĀ® models are provided for important circuit nonidealities, allowing designers and researchers to determine the required specifications for the different building blocks that form the systematic integrated-circuit design procedure. Five different VCO-based ADC design examples are presented, introducing innovations at both architecture and circuit levels. Of these designs, the best power efficiency of a high-bandwidth oversampling ADC is achieved in a 40 nm CMOS demonstration. This book is essential reading material for engineers and researchers working on low-power-analog and mixed-signal design and may be used by instructors teaching advanced courses on the subject. It provides a clear overview and comparison of VCO-based ADC architectures and gives the reader insight into the most important circuit imperfections.


High Speed A/D Converters

High Speed A/D Converters

Author: Alfi Moscovici

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 079237276X

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The Analog to Digital Converters represent one half of the link between the world we live in - analog - and the digital world of computers, which can handle the computations required in digital signal processing. These devices are mathematically very complex due to their nonlinear behavior and thus fairly difficult to analyze without the use of simulation tools. High Speed A/D Converters: Understanding Data Converters Through SPICE presents the subject from the practising engineer's point of view rather than from the academic's point of view. A practical approach is emphasized. High Speed A/D Converters: Understanding Data Converters Through SPICE is intended as a learning tool by providing building blocks that can be stacked on top of each other to build higher order systems. The book provides a guide to understanding the various topologies used in A/D converters by suggesting simple methods for the blocks used in an A/D converter. The converters discussed throughout the book constitute a class of devices called undersampled or Nyquist converters. The tools used in deriving the results presented are: TopSpiceĀ® by Penzar - a mixed mode SPICE simulator - version 5.90. The files included in Appendix A were written for this tool. However, most circuit files need only minor adjustments to be used on other SPICE simulators such as PSpice, Hspice, IS_Spice and Micro-Cap IV; Mathcad 2000 - Professional by Mathsoft. This tool is very useful in performing FFT analysis as well as drawing some of the graphs. Again, the mathcad files are included to help the user analyze the data. High Speed A/D Converters: Understanding Data Converters Through SPICE not only supplies the models for the A/D converters for SPICE program but also describes the physical reasons for the converter's performance.


Background Calibration of Time-Interleaved Data Converters

Background Calibration of Time-Interleaved Data Converters

Author: Manar El-Chammas

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-12-17

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 146141511X

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This book describes techniques for time-interleaving a number of analog-to-digital data converters to achieve demanding bandwidth requirements. Readers will benefit from the presentation of a low-power solution that can be used in actual products, while alleviating the time-varying signal artifacts that typically arise when implementing such a system architecture.


FPGA Logic Design for Analog-to-digital-converter Hardware Utilizing High Speed Serial Data Links

FPGA Logic Design for Analog-to-digital-converter Hardware Utilizing High Speed Serial Data Links

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 53

ISBN-13:

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The Computer Assisted Dynamic Data Monitoring and Analysis System (CADDMAS) used by the aeropropulsion test cells at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) processes a large amount of high bandwidth accelerometer and strain gage data. Data from each sensor must be digitized before being processed by software running on networked computers. This thesis describes some of the original analog-todigital converter (ADC) hardware used by the CADDMAS as well as some of its limitations. More up-to-date ADC hardware was designed to be used in the CADDMAS to enhance capabilities required by the aeropropulsion test cells. These new capabilities included an increase in maximum sample rate for the CADDMAS, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 interface for easy connection to the computer, the latest Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for controlling the data acquisition, and a packet based data transmission scheme to reduce redundant data transfers into the computer. This thesis describes, in detail, the development and checkout of the FPGA logic for the new ADC hardware needed to obtain these enhanced capabilities. A simple software program was also developed to validate the correct operation of the new ADC hardware and to demonstrate to a commercial software vendor how to incorporate support for the ADC hardware into their software. Upon completion of the designs, a maximum data transfer rate of 96.15 Megabytes per second (MBps) was obtained using a PCI interface card and 18.45 MBps was obtained from the USB 2.0 interface.