The Coin Toss

The Coin Toss

Author: Stefan Hollos

Publisher: Abrazol Publishing

Published: 2012-11-20

Total Pages: 129

ISBN-13: 1887187081

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The coin toss is really just a metaphor for a random event that has only two possible outcomes. The actual tossing of a real coin is just one way to realize such an event. There are many examples of questions that are equivalent to a coin toss. For example: Will the stock market close up or down tomorrow? Will a die roll come up with an even or odd number? Will we make contact with extraterrestrials within the next ten years? Will a car drive by in the next minute? Will tomorrow be sunny or cloudy? Will my medical test result be negative or positive? Will I enjoy this movie? Will the next joke be funny? Will the Earth's average temperature go up next year?Because a coin toss is equivalent to such a wide variety of questions, the results in this book are widely applicable.Because the coin toss is the simplest random event you can imagine, many questions about coin tossing can be asked and answered in great depth. The simplicity of the coin toss also opens the road to more advanced probability theories dealing with events with an infinite number of possible outcomes.This book is very mathematical. Some knowledge of calculus, discrete math, and generating functions is helpful to get the most out of it. A review of discrete math is provided in the index,


Coin Tossing

Coin Tossing

Author: J. Richard Hollos

Publisher: Abrazol Publishing

Published: 2019-05

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9781887187381

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The coin toss is to probability theory what the hydrogen atom is to quantum mechanics. It is the simplest random event that you can imagine. There are only two possible outcomes: heads or tails. This simplicity means that many questions about coin tossing can be asked and answered in great depth, serving as a gateway for exploring probability and statistics, and a foundation for understanding many kinds of probability distributions. This book is an update to the author's original coin toss book (The Coin Toss: Probabilities and Patterns), expanding on run distributions and statistics, as well as a new chapter containing 26 problems and solutions. The page count has increased by over 40 percent. The book contains material for both the beginning student and the advanced researcher. We suspect that the beginner will find some of the material quite difficult and not accessible on a first reading. This is a book that needs to be read more than once. There is more material here than anyone could absorb on a first reading. We hope that researchers on the other hand find the book to be a valuable reference and a stimulus for new research.


Probability And Random Number: A First Guide To Randomness

Probability And Random Number: A First Guide To Randomness

Author: Hiroshi Sugita

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2017-10-06

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 981322827X

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This is a book of elementary probability theory that includes a chapter on algorithmic randomness. It rigorously presents definitions and theorems in computation theory, and explains the meanings of the theorems by comparing them with mechanisms of the computer, which is very effective in the current computer age.Random number topics have not been treated by any books on probability theory, only some books on computation theory. However, the notion of random number is necessary for understanding the essential relation between probability and randomness. The field of probability has changed very much, thus this book will make and leave a big impact even to expert probabilists.Readers from applied sciences will benefit from this book because it presents a very proper foundation of the Monte Carlo method with practical solutions, keeping the technical level no higher than 1st year university calculus.


Play the Percentages

Play the Percentages

Author: Steve Maersch

Publisher: Xlibris Corporation

Published: 2018-06-09

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 1984534114

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Sick of being broke? You want to acquire wealth? It is easier than you think, but you may have to violate a few standard rules. In his thirty-one-year career as a journalist, the author collected an average annual salary of $24,800. He, nonetheless, became a millionaire by violating some commonly accepted rules: he bought company stock, he shunned annuities, and he collected Social Security as soon as he could. He also did well with other investments. In Play the Percentages, he shares his insights and research with you.


Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2001

Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2001

Author: Joe Kilian

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2003-05-15

Total Pages: 611

ISBN-13: 3540446478

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Crypto 2001, the 21st Annual Crypto conference, was sponsored by the Int- national Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) in cooperation with the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Security and Privacy and the Computer Science Department of the University of California at Santa Barbara. The conference received 156 submissions, of which the program committee selected 34 for presentation; one was later withdrawn. These proceedings contain the revised versions of the 33 submissions that were presented at the conference. These revisions have not been checked for correctness, and the authors bear full responsibility for the contents of their papers. The conference program included two invited lectures. Mark Sherwin spoke on, \Quantum information processing in semiconductors: an experimentalist’s view." Daniel Weitzner spoke on, \Privacy, Authentication & Identity: A recent history of cryptographic struggles for freedom." The conference program also included its perennial \rump session," chaired by Stuart Haber, featuring short, informal talks on late{breaking research news. As I try to account for the hours of my life that ?ew o to oblivion, I realize that most of my time was spent cajoling talented innocents into spending even more time on my behalf. I have accumulated more debts than I can ever hope to repay. As mere statements of thanks are certainly insu cient, consider the rest of this preface my version of Chapter 11.


Heads or Tails

Heads or Tails

Author: Emmanuel Lesigne

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 0821837141

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Everyone knows some of the basics of probability, perhaps enough to play cards. Beyond the introductory ideas, there are many wonderful results that are unfamiliar to the layman, but which are well within our grasp to understand and appreciate. Some of the most remarkable results in probability are those that are related to limit theorems--statements about what happens when the trial is repeated many times. The most famous of these is the Law of Large Numbers, which mathematicians,engineers, economists, and many others use every day. In this book, Lesigne has made these limit theorems accessible by stating everything in terms of a game of tossing of a coin: heads or tails. In this way, the analysis becomes much clearer, helping establish the reader's intuition aboutprobability. Moreover, very little generality is lost, as many situations can be modelled from combinations of coin tosses. This book is suitable for anyone who would like to learn more about mathematical probability and has had a one-year undergraduate course in analysis.


Theory of Cryptography

Theory of Cryptography

Author: Amit Sahai

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-02-11

Total Pages: 734

ISBN-13: 3642365949

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 10th Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2013, held in Tokyo, Japan, in March 2013. The 36 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover topics such as study of known paradigms, approaches, and techniques, directed towards their better understanding and utilization; discovery of new paradigms, approaches and techniques that overcome limitations of the existing ones; formulation and treatment of new cryptographic problems; study of notions of security and relations among them; modeling and analysis of cryptographic algorithms; and study of the complexity assumptions used in cryptography.


Peerless Probability Problems and Other Puzzles

Peerless Probability Problems and Other Puzzles

Author: Ivan Moscovich

Publisher: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9781402727450

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What makes these puzzles so special? Not only does each one illustrate some of the most classic theories in math, logic, and perception, but they're eye-catching too. Stare at brilliantly hued concentric circles, inspired by the "video active" paintings of the Parisian artist Isia Leviant; if you continue to look long enough, a spinning white blur will appear. Or imagine that you have a drawerful of socks in different colors--7 red, 7 yellow, and 7 green pairs. If you pulled some out in complete darkness, how many would you have to take before you'd be sure of having a pair in each color? Or solve word puzzles, paradoxes, and the mystery of the rolling photo cube.


Theory of Cryptography

Theory of Cryptography

Author: Martin Hirt

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-21

Total Pages: 698

ISBN-13: 3662536412

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The two-volume set LNCS 9985 and LNCS 9986 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2016-B, held in Beijing, China, in November 2016. The total of 45 revised full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 113 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: TCC test-of-time award; foundations; unconditional security; foundations of multi-party protocols; round complexity and efficiency of multi-party computation; differential privacy; delegation and IP; public-key encryption; obfuscation and multilinear maps; attribute-based encryption; functional encryption; secret sharing; new models.