Evolution
Evolution

Author: Theodosius Dobzhansky

Publisher: W H Freeman & Company

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 572

ISBN-13: 9780716705727

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Looks at the nature of evolution, the genetic structure of populations, hereditary variation, natural selection, and the relationship between populations, races, and species

The Role of Chromosomal Change in Plant Evolution
The Role of Chromosomal Change in Plant Evolution

Author: Donald A. Levin

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2002-11-28

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 019535012X

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The application of new molecular technology has greatly increased our understanding of the role of chromosomal change in plant evolution. There is now a broad database on genome size variation within and among species and a wide array of nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic markers. There is a variety of literatures addressing this subject but much of it is scattered. This book created a contemporary synthesis or work in this area and addresses issues such as herogeneity, polyploidy, chromosomal rearrangements within species and phenotypic consequences of chromosome doubling.

Chromosome Engineering in Plants
Chromosome Engineering in Plants

Author: P.K. Gupta

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 1991-05-13

Total Pages: 656

ISBN-13: 0080933998

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This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research on plants. This first volume is divided into two sections. Section A consists of 11 chapters covering the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants (including a chapter on genetic engineering in crop improvement). Section B is devoted to cytogenetics of cereals and millets (wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, maize, rice, pearl millet, and minor millets). More than one chapter is devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment of chromosome research (including molecular biology) in these crops. The second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops, fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. This work will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been written by an expert who has been involved in chromosome research on a particular plant material for many years.

Plant Genomes
Plant Genomes

Author: Jean-Nicolas Volff

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 3805584911

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Recent major advances in the field of comparative genomics and cytogenomics of plants, particularly associated with the completion of ambitious genome projects, have uncovered astonishing facets of the architecture and evolutionary history of plant genomes. The aim of this book was to review these recent developments as well as their implications in our understanding of the mechanisms which drive plant diversity. New insights into the evolution of gene functions, gene families and genome size are presented, with particular emphasis on the evolutionary impact of polyploidization and transposable elements. Knowledge on the structure and evolution of plant sex chromosomes, centromeres and microRNAs is reviewed and updated. Taken together, the contributions by internationally recognized experts present a panoramic overview of the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of plant genomes.This volume of Genome Dynamics will provide researchers, teachers and students in the fields of biology and agronomy with a valuable source of current knowledge on plant genomes.

Cytogenomics
Cytogenomics

Author: Thomas Liehr

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-05-25

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 0128235802

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Cytogenomics demonstrates that chromosomes are crucial in understanding the human genome and that new high-throughput approaches are central to advancing cytogenetics in the 21st century. After an introduction to (molecular) cytogenetics, being the basic of all cytogenomic research, this book highlights the strengths and newfound advantages of cytogenomic research methods and technologies, enabling researchers to jump-start their own projects and more effectively gather and interpret chromosomal data. Methods discussed include banding and molecular cytogenetics, molecular combing, molecular karyotyping, next-generation sequencing, epigenetic study approaches, optical mapping/karyomapping, and CRISPR-cas9 applications for cytogenomics. The book’s second half demonstrates recent applications of cytogenomic techniques, such as characterizing 3D chromosome structure across different tissue types and insights into multilayer organization of chromosomes, role of repetitive elements and noncoding RNAs in human genome, studies in topologically associated domains, interchromosomal interactions, and chromoanagenesis. This book is an important reference source for researchers, students, basic and translational scientists, and clinicians in the areas of human genetics, genomics, reproductive medicine, gynecology, obstetrics, internal medicine, oncology, bioinformatics, medical genetics, and prenatal testing, as well as genetic counselors, clinical laboratory geneticists, bioethicists, and fertility specialists. Offers applied approaches empowering a new generation of cytogenomic research using a balanced combination of classical and advanced technologies Provides a framework for interpreting chromosome structure and how this affects the functioning of the genome in health and disease Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Genome and Chromatin: Organization, Evolution, Function
Genome and Chromatin: Organization, Evolution, Function

Author: W. Nagl

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 3709185564

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At a round table discussion on the eukaryotic chromosome sponsor ed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Diisseldorf, February 1978, the botanists among the participants felt that plant systems were under-represented. In this unsatisfactory situation, Professor V. HEMLEBEN, Tiibingen, suggested another meeting to discuss actual problems and results concerning botanical chromosome research. Professor W. NAGL was willing to organize a symposium at the University of Kaiserslautern, and Professor F. EHRENDoRFER, Wien, contacted the Rpringer-Verlag, Vienna-New York, to explore the possibility of publishing the results of this symposium in the form of a supplement volume to the journal Plant Systematics and Evol7ttion. The conference took place on 13-15 October 1978 in the Department of Biology of the University of Kaiserslautern and was attended by 40 participants from 11 universities between Hamburg and Vienna. Emphasis of this Chromosome Symposium was given to three aspects, which do not attract major interest at large international congresses: 1. Discussion and Demonstration of technical details which cannot be found in published papers (so-called tricks). 2. Orientation about actual trends and results in our understanding of the organization, evolution, and function of the plant genome at the level of the DNA (gene), the level of chromatin, and the level of the karyotype. 3. Presentation of hypotheses and models which may be stimulating for further research. Moreover, younger students should have the possibility to present their results and to discuss them with more experienced scientists.

Polyploidy and Genome Evolution
Polyploidy and Genome Evolution

Author: Pamela Soltis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-10-03

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 3642314414

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Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution. Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage. This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation. This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups. Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes. The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.