China's Intentions for Russian and Central Asian Oil and Gas
Author: Gaye Christoffersen
Publisher:
Published: 1998
Total Pages: 44
ISBN-13:
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Russia, China and the Geopolitics of Energy in Central Asia
Author: Alexandros Petersen
Publisher: Centre for European Reform
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 36
ISBN-13: 1907617019
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRussia is the world's biggest hydrocarbon producer. China is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing energy markets. The two are neighbours. Yet their energy relationship is very thin. Instead, they compete for vast and largely unexplored Central Asian resources. As Kazakh oil and Turkmen gas start flowing to China, Russia's traditional dominance in the region is diminishing. However, the Central Asian states are not passive pawns in a new 'great game'. The EU and the US can help these countries to turn the new energy geopolitics to their advantage.
Central Asian Energy
Author: Ruoxi Du
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 28
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"This paper analyzes oil and natural gas resources of Central Asian states as a factor in Russian-Chinese relations. While this topic has been studied extensively over the past two decades, this analysis is unique in that it offers a Chinese perspective. Russia, one of the world's largest energy producers, and China, the world's largest energy consumer, are scrambling for access to Central Asian oil and gas resources and the control over their transportation network. Notwithstanding their differing interests in the Central Asian energy sector, the two great powers have so far been able to avoid conflict over these assets. This paper argues that the lack of visible friction between Russia and China over Central Asian energy resources can be attributed to three main reasons. First, the tensions have been mitigated by the multivector foreign policy conducted by Central Asian leaders. Second, this alleged cooperative Russian-Chinese relationship, despite colliding interests in Central Asia, is in accordance with Russia's and China's larger interests in maintaining their broader strategic partnership. Finally, the 2008 global economic crisis lessened the intensity of the competition between Russia and China in the region's energy sector. The analysis of these determinants, particularly from the Chinese standpoint, provides important references and implications for regional security."--Page 2.
The New Great Game
Author: Lutz Kleveman
Publisher:
Published: 2003
Total Pages: 304
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Caspian Region, lying south of Russia, west of China and north of Afghanistan, contains the world's largest untapped oil and gas resources. As much as 200 billion barrels of crude oil and 40 per cent of the world's global gas reserves can be found in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. In the years between the death of the Soviet Union and September 11, 2001, oil companies and politicians have struggled to possess and develop these resources. Using a concept immortalised by Kipling in his novel Kim, Lutz Kleveman argues that there is now a new "Great Game" in the region, in which the US, Russia, China, India, Pakistan and Iran - most of which are nuclear powers - are competing. He contends that after 9/11, the formidable power of the US has started to drive towards "full spectrum dominance"; that is, global hegemony in the military, political and economic sphere. Kleveman has produced an insightful and exacting portrait of a new theatre of war, a region in which there are few rules and in which the rewards for victory are nothing less than power and prosperity in the new century.
China's Energy Geopolitics
Author: Thrassy N. Marketos
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2008-11-21
Total Pages: 361
ISBN-13: 1134106017
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChina’s need for energy has become a driving factor in contemporary world politics and a precondition for sustaining China’s continuing high economic growth. Accordingly, Chinese energy policy has been a political and strategic rather than market-driven policy. This book focuses on the need of a stable and secure investment environment which is necessary for the energy provision of China from the Central Asian states. The author argues that the institutionalization of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (S.C.O.), the Friendship and Cooperation Treaty between Russia and China and Chinese bilateral agreements with individual Central Asian states present an avenue and a framework of stability in which pipeline construction can commence. With the backing of the US in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Chinese involvement in the region has now been expanding. However, in order to stabilize the region for Chinese investment in energy resources, the author states that the US needs to be present in the region and that a strategic framework of cooperation between Russia, China and the US has to be developed. The book will be of interest to academics working in the field of International Security, International Relations and Central Asian and Chinese politics.
The Strategic Implications of China's Energy Needs
Author: Philip Andrews-Speed
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-08-27
Total Pages: 136
ISBN-13: 1136050965
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChina is frequently described as a threat to regional and global stability and its rapidly rising demand for imported energy is seens as one cause of this threat. This book shows that domestic politics and foreign policy have both played a part in China's recent major energy policy decisions. However, China's increasing involvement in the global energy markets can be seen as an opportunity to enhance cooperation and interdependence rather than as a threat.
China's Quest for Energy Security
Author: Erica Strecker Downs
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Published: 2000-12-05
Total Pages: 83
ISBN-13: 0833048325
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChina's two decades of rapid economic growth have fueled a demand for energy that has outstripped domestic sources of supply. China became a net oil importer in 1993, and the country's dependence on energy imports is expected to continue to grow over the next 20 years, when it is likely to import some 60 percent of its oil and at least 30 percent of its natural gas. China thus is having to abandon its traditional goal of energyself-sufficiency--brought about by a fear of strategic vulnerability--and look abroad for resources. This study looks at the measures that China is taking to achieve energy security and the motivations behind those measures. It considers China's investment in overseas oil exploration and development projects, interest in transnational oil pipelines, plans for a strategic petroleum reserve, expansion of refineries to process crude supplies from the Middle East, development of the natural gas industry, and gradual opening of onshore drilling areas to foreign oil companies. The author concludes that these activities are designed, in part, to reduce the vulnerability of China's energy supply to U.S. power. China's international oil and gas investments, however, are unlikely to bring China theenergy security it desires. China is likely to remain reliant on U.S. protection of the sea-lanes that bring the country most of its energy imports.
China-Russia Relations in Central Asia
Author: Thomas Stephan Eder
Publisher: Springer VS
Published: 2013-08-20
Total Pages: 139
ISBN-13: 9783658032715
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAs China rises to global power status, its relations with other major powers, including Russia, are constantly renegotiated. Energy figures prominently in both countries’ foreign policy. An extensive analysis of Chinese language sources – academic debate 1997-2012 – confirms a collision of interests over Central Asian reserves. While unanimous appeals to compromise render previous predictions of impending confrontation unconvincing, descriptions of Sino-Central Asian energy relations as “central to energy security”, and the explicit rejection of a Russian “sphere of influence”, also exclude a retreat. In the long term, China will likely replace Russia as the dominant force in Central Asia’s energy sector, causing the Kremlin to perceive another “encroachment”. The current notion of a “strategic partnership” will inevitably be challenged.
In Search of Good Energy Policy
Author: Marc Ozawa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2019-06-20
Total Pages: 389
ISBN-13: 1108481167
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOffers an innovative look at why science and technology cannot alone meet the needs of energy policy making in the future.
Russia, China, and the United States in Central Asia
Author: Elizabeth Wishnick
Publisher:
Published: 2009-02-01
Total Pages: 80
ISBN-13: 9781461082422
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRussia and China have been reacting to the pressures of changing U.S.-Central Asia policy over the past 5 years as has the United States. In response to the "color" revolutions, they achieved broad agreement on the priority of regime security and the need to limit the long-term military presence of the United States in Central Asia. These are also two key areas-defining the political path of Central Asian states and securing a strategic foothold in the region-where the United States finds itself in competition with Russia and China. The Russia-China partnership should not be seen as an anti-U.S. bloc, nor should the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) be viewed as entirely cohesive. Although there is considerable suspicion of U.S. designs on Central Asia, divergent interests within the SCO, among Central Asian states, and especially between Russia and China serve to limit any coordinated anti-U.S. activity. Despite the fissures within the SCO and the competitive tendencies within the Sino-Russian partnership, the United States will not have an easy time achieving its aims in Central Asia. The author documents how American policy goals-energy cooperation, regional security, and support for democracy and the rule of law-continue to run at cross-purposes with one another. In particular, she asserts that competition to secure basing arrangements and energy contracts only benefits authoritarian regimes at the expense of enduring regional security. She argues further that the rhetoric about a new Cold War in the aftermath of the Georgian crisis, and the more general tendency to view U.S.-Russia-China competition in the region with 19th century lenses, as some sort of "new great game," obscures the common interests the great powers share in addressing transnational problems in Central Asia.
