This book provides a solid overview of the important metallurgical concepts related to the microstructures of irons and steels, and it provides detailed guidelines for the proper metallographic techniques used to reveal, capture, and understand microstructures. This book provides clearly written explanations of important concepts, and step-by-step instructions for equipment selection and use, microscopy techniques, specimen preparation, and etching. Dozens of concise and helpful “metallographic tips” are included in the chapters on laboratory practices and specimen preparation. The book features over 500 representative microstructures, with discussions of how the structures can be altered by heat treatment and other means. A handy index to these images is provided, so the book can also be used as an atlas of iron and steel microstructures.
Updated and translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva This book is a combination of a metallographic atlas for steels and cast irons and an introductory textbook covering the fundamentals of phase transformations and heat treatment of these materials. Every important stage of processing, from casting to cold working is clearly discussed and copiously illustrated with metallographs that show the obtained structures, both desired and those achieved when deviations occur. First published in 1951 by Professor Hubertus Colpaert from the Institute for Technological Research (IPT) of São Paulo, Brazil, this book became one of the most important Brazilian references for professionals interested in the processing, treatment, and application of steels and cast irons. In the Fourth Edition and English translation, updated and translated by Professor André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva, the concept of the of the original edition was preserved while the important developments of recent decades, both in metallographic characterization and in steel and iron products, as well as progress in the understanding of the transformations that made the extraordinary developments of these alloys possible, were added. Most metallographs are of actual industrial materials and a large number originate from industry leaders or laboratories at the forefront of steel and iron development. As steel continues to be the most widely used metallic material in the world, Metallography of Steels continues to be an essential reference for students, metallographers, and engineers interested in understanding processing-properties-structure relationships of the material. The balance between theoretical and applied information makes this book a valuable companion for even experienced steel practitioners.
This edition is a complete revision and contains a great deal of new subject matter including information on ferrous powder metallurgy, cast irons, ultra high strength steels, furnace atmospheres, quenching processes, SPC and computer technology. Data on over 135 additional irons and steels have been added to the previously-covered 280 alloys.
In this study of Birmingham's iron and steel workers, Henry McKiven unravels the complex connections between race relations and class struggle that shaped the city's social and economic order. He also traces the links between the process of class formation and the practice of community building and neighborhood politics. According to McKiven, the white men who moved to Birmingham soon after its founding to take jobs as skilled iron workers shared a free labor ideology that emphasized opportunity and equality between white employees and management at the expense of less skilled black laborers. But doubtful of their employers' commitment to white supremacy, they formed unions to defend their position within the racial order of the workplace. This order changed, however, when advances in manufacturing technology created more semiskilled jobs and broadened opportunities for black workers. McKiven shows how these race and class divisions also shaped working-class life away from the plant, as workers built neighborhoods and organized community and political associations that reinforced bonds of skill, race, and ethnicity.