Wikipedia's first twenty years: how what began as an experiment in collaboration became the world's most popular reference work. We have been looking things up in Wikipedia for twenty years. What began almost by accident--a wiki attached to an nascent online encyclopedia--has become the world's most popular reference work. Regarded at first as the scholarly equivalent of a Big Mac, Wikipedia is now known for its reliable sourcing and as a bastion of (mostly) reasoned interaction. How has Wikipedia, built on a model of radical collaboration, remained true to its original mission of "free access to the sum of all human knowledge" when other tech phenomena have devolved into advertising platforms? In this book, scholars, activists, and volunteers reflect on Wikipedia's first twenty years, revealing connections across disciplines and borders, languages and data, the professional and personal.
Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020 for Designers is a comprehensive book that introduces the users to Autodesk Inventor 2020, a feature-based 3D parametric solid modeling software. All environments of this solid modelling software are covered in this book with a thorough explanation of commands, options, and their applications to create real-world products. The mechanical engineering industry examples that are used as tutorials and the related additional exercises at the end of each chapter help the users to understand the design techniques used in the industry to design a product. Additionally, the author emphasizes on the solid modelling techniques that will improve the productivity and efficiency of the users. After reading this book, the users will be able to create solid parts, sheet metal parts, assemblies, weldments, drawing views with bill of materials, presentation views to animate the assemblies and apply direct modelling techniques to facilitate rapid design prototyping. Also, the users will learn the editing techniques that are essential for making a successful design. Salient Features: Comprehensive book consisting of 19 chapters organized in a pedagogical sequence. Detailed explanation of all concepts, techniques, commands, and tools of Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020. Tutorial approach to explain the concepts. Step-by-step instructions that guide the users through the learning process. More than 54 real-world mechanical engineering designs as tutorials and projects. Self-Evaluation Test, Review Questions, and Exercises are given at the end of the chapters so that the users can assess their knowledge. Technical support by contacting '[email protected]'. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Drawing Sketches for Solid Models Chapter 3: Adding Constraints and Dimensions to Sketches Chapter 4: Editing, Extruding, and Revolving the Sketches Chapter 5: Other Sketching and Modeling Options Chapter 6: Advanced Modeling Tools-I Chapter 7: Editing Features and Adding Automatic Dimensions to Sketches Chapter 8: Advanced Modeling Tools-II Chapter 9: Assembly Modeling-I Chapter 10: Assembly Modeling-II Chapter 11: Working with Drawing Views-I Chapter 12: Working with Drawing Views-II Chapter 13: Presentation Module Chapter 14: Working with Sheet Metal Components Chapter 15: Introduction to Stress Analysis Chapter 16: Introduction to Weldments (For free download) Chapter 17: Miscellaneous Tools (For free download) Chapter 18: Working with Special Design Tools For free download) Chapter 19: Introduction to Plastic Mold Design (For free download) Index
Autodesk 3ds Max 2020: A Comprehensive Guide book aims at harnessing the power of Autodesk 3ds Max for modelers, animators, and designers. The book caters to the needs of both the novice and the advanced users of 3ds Max. Keeping in view the varied requirements of the users, the book first introduces the basic features of 3ds Max 2020 and then gradually progresses to cover the advanced 3D models and animations. In this book, one project which is based on the tools and concepts covered in the text has been added to enhance the knowledge of the users. Additionally, in this edition, the readers will be able to learn about some new and enhanced features of 3ds Max 2020 such as Compound Shapes and Chamfer Modifier. Salient Features: Consists of 18 chapters and 1 project that are organized in a pedagogical sequence covering various aspects of modeling, texturing, lighting, and animation. The author has followed the tutorial approach to explain various concepts of modeling, texturing, lighting, and animation. The first page of every chapter summarizes the topics that are covered in it. Step-by-step instructions that guide the users through the learning process. Additional information throughout the book in the form of notes and tips. Self-Evaluation Tests and Review Questions at the end of each chapter to help the users assess their knowledge. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Autodesk 3ds Max 2020 Chapter 2: Standard Primitives Chapter 3: Extended Primitives Chapter 4: Working with Architectural Objects Chapter 5: Splines and Extended Splines Chapter 6: Modifying Splines Chapter 7: Materials and Maps Chapter 8: Modifying 3D Mesh Objects Chapter 9: Graphite Modeling Technique Chapter 10: Compound Objects Chapter 11: Modifiers Chapter 12: Lights and Rendering Chapter 13: Animation Basics Chapter 14: Rigid Body Dynamics and Helpers Chapter 15: NURBS Modeling * Chapter 16: Systems, Hierarchy, and Kinematics * Chapter 17: Particle Systems and Space Warps-I * Chapter 18: Particle Systems and Space Warps-II * Project 1: Creating a Diner Index (*For free download)
This book covers recent achievements on the ever-expanding field of Geometry and Graphics on both analogical and digital fronts, from theoretical investigations to a broad range of applications, new teaching methodologies, and historical aspects. It is from 20th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics (ICGG2022), a series of conference that started in 1978 and promoted by International Society for Geometry and Graphics, which aims to foster international collaboration and stimulate the scientific research and teaching innovations in the multidisciplinary field. The contents of the book are organized in: Theoretical Geometry and Graphics; Applied Geometry and Graphics; Engineering Computer Graphics; Graphics Education; Geometry and Graphics in History, and are intent for the academics, researchers, and professionals in architecture, engineering, industrial design, mathematics, and arts.
THE STANDARD REFERENCE WORK ON PAPER MONEY This landmark work is the standard reference on American currency. It is internationally acknowledged as the most comprehensive and universally recognized guide on the subject, illustrating and valuating all types of United States paper money. From the first year of Federal paper money, 1861, to the present, the fronts and backs of all classes and types of currency, from 3 cents to 10,000 dollars are illustrated. These are accompanied by text listing, describing and pricing every variety of paper money ever issued. The result is a complete pictorial, descriptive and numismatic history of the currency of the United States. There are sections on Colonial and Continental currency (notes issued from 1680 to 1788), and a complete listing by type of the issues of the Confederate States of America (1861-1864). Both are illustrated and have market values in several states of preservation. Also included are chapters on error notes, encased postage stamps and postage envelopes. Every illustration is reproduced in color. And for those who think of America’s currency as a constant study in green and black, the rainbow-like diversity is a revelation. It is a complete collection of United States currency, many of the notes in the finest state of preservation possible and some so extremely rare that they may only be seen either on these pages or in an exhibition. A distinguished panel of acknowledged experts on paper money assisted the authors, enabling them to establish accurate and up-to-the minute valuations for all issues. The publication of Paper Money of the United States introduced innovations never before attempted. Robert Friedberg (1912-1963) was the first to standardize this subject and gave this book a permanent place on reference shelves. For the past thirty years, it has been completely revised and edited by Arthur Friedberg and Ira Friedberg.
Autodesk 3ds Max 2020 for Beginners: A Tutorial Approach is a tutorial-based book that introduces the readers to the features of 3ds Max 2020 such as modeling, texturing, lighting, animation, and rendering in an effective and simple manner. In this edition, the readers will also learn about arnold materials, lights, and rendering. Also, some new and enhanced features of 3ds Max 2020 such as Chamfer Modifier and OSL map are covered in this edition. Salient Features Consists of 17 chapters and 5 real world projects that are organized in a pedagogical sequence covering various aspects of modeling, texturing, lighting, rendering, and animation. The author has followed the tutorial approach to explain various concepts of modeling, texturing, lighting, rendering, and animation. Self-Evaluation test, Review Questions, and exercises are given at the end of each chapter so that the users can assess their knowledge. Student project has been given at the end of this book to test and enhance the skills of students. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Autodesk 3ds Max 2020 Chapter 2: Primitive Objects – I (Enhanced) Chapter 3: Primitive Objects – II(Enhanced) Chapter 4: Working with Splines – I (Enhanced) Chapter 5: Working with Splines - II Chapter 6: Lofting, Twisting, and Deforming Objects Chapter 7: Material Editor: Creating Materials Chapter 8: Material Editor - Texture Maps - I Chapter 9: Material Editor - Texture Maps - II Chapter 10: Material Editor: Controlling Texture Maps Chapter 11: Material Editor: Miscellaneous Materials (Enhanced) Chapter 12: Interior Lighting - I Chapter 13: Interior Lighting - II Chapter 14: Animation Basics (Enhanced) Chapter 15: Complex Animation (Enhanced) Chapter 16: Arnold Materials, Lights, and Rendering (New) Chapter 17: Creating Walkthrough Project 1: Creating a Windmill Project 2: Creating a Diner Project 3: Architectural Project Project 4: Corporate Design Project Project 5: Creating a Computer Center Index Free Teaching and Learning Resources: CADCIM Technologies provides the following free teaching and learning resources with this book: Technical support by contacting '[email protected]' Max files used in tutorials Instructor Guide with solution to all review questions and instructions to create the models for exercises (For faculty only). Additional learning resources at '3dsmaxexperts.blogspot.com' and 'youtube.com/cadcimtech' We also provide video courses on Autodesk 3ds Max. To enroll, please visit the CADCIM website using the following link: https://www.cadcim.com/video-courses
Explore the most important moments of the 20th century in this history book for teens Help teens learn how the United States grew into one of the world's most influential countries. This 100-year journey into American history covers the period from reconstruction and the Jim Crow era through the end of the Cold War. 20th Century American History for Teens offers a compelling look into the United States' rise to power and shows how many of the events of the 20th century still affect our lives today. 20th Century American History for Teens features: Connected learning—This book makes it easy to understand 20th century history with chapters that explain what happened during key events and how they impacted the rest of the century. Closer looks—Teens will find out about major political and social conflicts, the considerations that went into history-changing decisions, and more. Critical thinking opportunities—Exciting storytelling makes this book fun to read while still providing teens with the info they need to draw their own conclusions about how the 20th century shaped the modern day. Inspire teens to love learning about America's past with 20th Century American History for Teens.
This book features selected papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy. It discusses the latest progress in the field of near infrared spectroscopy from around the globe, including the advances in instrumentation, spectral interpretation and Chemometrics. In addition, it presents potential trends for near infrared spectroscopy in the next decade and highlights developments in process analytical technology, chemical imaging and deep learning. It can be used as a reference book for researchers and application personnel engaged in spectroscopy technology, Chemometrics, analytical instruments, on-site rapid or on-line analysis, process control and other fields. It will also be useful for undergraduates and postgraduates studying these topics.
